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Weather and climate Answers

Weather and climate Answers. 4-Temperature. Question 13 The thermometer is has to be hung up in the shade. If you put a thermometer in the sun, the glass will heat up and will reach a much higher temperature than it really is. Question 14 a-

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Weather and climate Answers

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  1. Weather and climate Answers

  2. 4-Temperature Question 13 • The thermometer is has to be hung up in the shade. If you put a thermometer in the sun, the glass will heat up and will reach a much higher temperature than it really is. Question 14 a- 1- about 1.5 m above ground level in open grasslands. The temperature on the ground can be quite different from the temperature of the weather station. 2- The wind should be able to blow along the thermometer, but sunshine and precipitation shouldn’t be able to penetrate the instruments. b- KNMI= Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut

  3. Question 15 Rays of the sun with a vertical angle of incidence give more heat than diagonal rays of the sun because …. 1- Diagonal sun rays warm up a bigger surface than vertical sun rays. The warmth of diagonal sun rays is distributed over a bigger surface, so less heat per square metre. 2- Diagonal sun rays take longer to travel through the atmosphere, so they hit more clouds and dust along the way and are reflected back into the cosmos.

  4. Question 17 a- December b- June b- There are vertical sun rays between the parallels Tropic of Cancer (23.5˚N) and Tropic of Capricorn (23.5˚S) c- They are called solstices because the vertical sun rays move between these 2 parallels. When the vertical sun rays reach a tropic, they return to the Equator. d- On 66.5˚N the night lasts 24 hour. The earths axis has an angle of 66.5˚ in comparison to the vertical sun rays. This makes that this part of the earth gets no light for 24 hours (polar night)

  5. 3: vertical rays on equator 2: vertical rays on tropic of Cancer 4: vertical rays on tropic of Capricorn 1: vertical rays on equator e- on 90˚S it is day for 24 hours. Here it is polar day. The sun rays reach the south pole 24 hours a day. It doesn’t become very warm here because the sun rays are diagonal so the heat is distributed over a bigger surface and the rays take longer to travel through the atmosphere. f-

  6. Question 18 GG 83 Altitudebelts ►Altitude belt = A natural zone on a mountain. ● Altitudebelts have evolvedthroughdifferences in temperature. It is warmest at the bottomandcoldest at the top of a mountain. • Deciduousforest belt summertemperaturehigherthan 15˚C • Coniferousforest belt summertemperature maximum 15˚C Canbecomparedwithnatural zone: taiga Tree line = the point (line) where trees can no longergrow (10˚C) • Alpine meadowssummertemperature maximum 10˚C Canbecomparedwithnatural zone: tundra • Rocky belt above 2,500 metres • Zone of perpetualsnowwheresnow never melts Canbecomparedwithnatural zone: polarregion

  7. Question 19 a- b- You find coniferous trees in cooler areas. If coniferous trees grow at sea level, than this area must be at high latitude (far from the equator).

  8. Question 20

  9. Question 21 a- 1- degree of penetration (Sun rays only warm up a few centimetres of land. Sun rays penetrate water more easily and warm up a bigger surface- more than 1 metre) 2- Amount of movement b- Water is always in motion, so warm water from the surface is mixed with cold water from deeper parts.

  10. Question 22 a-In summer land is warmer than sea. An onshore wind brings relatively cool sea air towards the shore. Further inland it is warmer than along the shore. In winter land is colder than sea. An onshore wind brings then relatively warm sea air to the shore. Further inland it is colder than along the shore. b- see figure 23 Figure 23: moderating influence of the sea

  11. Question 23

  12. Question 24 a- Egmond aan Zee has 6-8 ice days and Coevorden more than 12. This difference is caused by the distance to the sea. The sea is moderating the temperature along the coastline, but of less influence more inland. - The average year temperature temperature in Breskens is 10.5-10.8˚C and in Delfzijl 9.3-9.6˚C This difference is caused by difference in latitude. b- (map 47E and 47F in 53e edition  map 40A2 and 40E in 54th edition) The areas with most sun hours are not the same as the areas with the highest temperature. In summer most sunshine is along the coastline, but the sea moderates the temperature. So you don’t see highest temperatures here!

  13. Question 25 a- The average temperature in July in Stavanger is 10-15ºCand in Telemark below 10ºC This difference is caused by differences in altitude. b- Despite the difference in latitude, Amsterdam, Brussels and Paris all have about the same temperature. The isotherm of 17.5⁰C (isotherm = line that connects places with the same temperature) runs from north to south along these places. These places having almost the same average temperature, despite the difference in latitude, is caused by the moderating influence of the sea and the prevailing westerly winds causing a rising temperature from west (coastline) to east. Question 26 - In the Netherlands the wind is usually coming from the southwest - Strong winds in the Netherlands come mostly from the southwest

  14. Question 27

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