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Space N’ Stuff

Unit 14. Space N’ Stuff. Students will understand the history, theories, and advancements of astronomy. WWK. Vocabulary. Astronomy is the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. Introduction to Astronomy.

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Space N’ Stuff

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  1. Unit 14 Space N’ Stuff

  2. Students will understand the history, theories, and advancements of astronomy. WWK

  3. Vocabulary

  4. Astronomy is the branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. Introduction to Astronomy

  5. In ancient civilizations, early astronomers used the observed motion of the stars, planets, sun, and moon as clocks, calendars, and compasses. The Greeks developed models to map these celestial motions. In the 16th century, Copernicus explained that the solar system was heliocentric, having the sun in the middle, instead of the formerly accepted geocentric idea of Earth being the center. Origins of Astronomy

  6. Galileo helped contribute to the development of astronomy through his teachings of the Copernican view and by inventing the telescope, an optical instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer. Newton later built on this with his universal law of gravity, the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.

  7. Contrary to popular belief, the solar system is actually an ellipse, a rectangular oval shape. An ellipse is defined by a major axis, the longest axis, which is broken in half by two semimajor axis, half of a major axis, and a minor axis, the shortest axis. How The Solar System Is Modeled

  8. The amount of time it takes for a celestial body to make one full revolution around the sun is called a period of revolution. The point at which the body is closest to the sun is called the perihelion. The point at which it is farthest from the sun is called the aphelion.

  9. Due to NASA’s constant attempts to further space exploration, modern society has been benefited in several ways. LED lights, firefighting equipment, memory foam, cordless vacuums, and solar energy are all indirect results of advancements in astronomy. Modern Advancements From Astronomy

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0jHsq36_NTU Look! A real link! It might actually work! Probably… Wow! Educational.

  11. Who was the scientist responsible for understanding that the solar system is heliocentric? KS

  12. THE FIRST FOUR PLANETS Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

  13. The students will learn specific details about Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, such as size, orbit, temperature, and unique features of each planet. They willalso learn what classifies these asterrestrial planets. WWK

  14. Terrestrial Planets • The four planets closest to the sun are considered terrestrial planets, called such because of the Latin word “terra,” meaning earth • They are classified as this by their hard surface, made up of rocks and/or metals, and their molten metal (usually iron) core • Also considered silicate planets, due to being mostly composed of silicate rock • Have diverse landscapes, with craters, mountains, etc. • Differ from Gas Giants in these ways: little to no moons, no planetary rings, very small

  15. Mercury • Closest planet to the sun • Temperature: between -279˚F and 801˚F • Length of revolution (year): 88 Earth days • Length of rotation (day): 58 Earth days, 15 hours, 30 mins • Diameter: 3,032 miles • Has no atmosphere • The Caloris Basin is it’s largest feature, a crater about 960 miles in diameter • Named after the messenger of the Roman gods, because of its quick orbit around the sun

  16. Venus • Very similar to the Earth in size, mass, density, and composition • Temperature: 880˚F+ • Length of revolution: 225 Earth days • Length of rotation: 243 Earth days • Diameter: 7,521 miles • Thick, toxic atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid clouds • Maxwell Montes is the tallest mountain on the planet, comparable to Mount Everest • Rotates the opposite way of most planets

  17. Earth • Only planet known to support life • Temperature: -126˚F to 136˚F • Length of revolution: 365 days • Length of rotation: 24 hours • Diameter: 7,926 miles • Earth has one natural satellite, the Moon • Tilted at a 23˚ angle, which accounts for the four seasons

  18. Mars • The coldest of the first four planets • Temperature: -125˚F to 23˚F • Length of revolution: 687 Earth days • Length of rotation: 25 hours • Diameter: 4,222 miles • Has polar ice caps of frozen carbon dioxide • Only other planet to hold traces of water (mainly frozen) • Is home to the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons • Two small moons: Phobos and Deimos

  19. Vocab Words • Terrestrial Planets: a planet having a compact rocky surface • Silicate Planets: a terrestrial planet mostly composed of silicate rocks • Revolution: the motion of one object circling around another • Rotation: amount of time a planet takes to turn a complete circle on its axis • Natural Satellite: a celestial body that circles around another body

  20. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L31U2tkz_lk

  21. KS • What is the degree of the Earth’s tilt?

  22. JupiterSaturnUranusNeptune WWK: The size, diameter, distance from the sun, number of known moons, surface features and many other exciting things over the gas giants.

  23. Vocabulary Definitions • Gas Giants: A large, massive, low-density planet with no well-defined planetary surface • Magnetic field: a field of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle • Dense: being compact • Planetary rings: resembling the physical or orbital characteristics of the planet(s) • Natural satellites: moon; celestial body that orbits a planet or a smaller body

  24. The Gas giants • The gas giants are: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. • The reason these planets are classified as “The Gas Giants” is because they are large planets that aren’t completely made of rock or other solid matter. Gas giants may have a rocky or metallic core, but for the most part theirmass is composed of gaseous hydrogen and helium.There arealso known to be traces of water, methane, ammonia, and such. • The surface of the gas giants aren’t clearly defined. They are denser closer to the core.

  25. Jupiter • 5th planet from the sun • Largest planet • 4th brightest • Has 4 moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede and Calisto. Known as the Galilean moons. • Composed of 90% hydrogen and 10% helium • 63 known satellites • Huge magnetic field: extends more than 650 million km • Mass: 1.898 x 1027kg • Diameter: 69,911 km • Distance from the sun:817 million kilometers

  26. Saturn • “The Ringed Planet” • 6th planet from the sun • 2nd largest • Like Jupiter, the surface is mostly hydrogen (97% and 3% helium) • Has 52 known moons • The only planet that’s less densethan water • Average temperature is -274°F • Mass: 5.684 x 1026kg • Diameter: 58,232 km • Distance from the sun: 1.4 billion km

  27. Uranus • Been visited once by Voyager 2 on Jan 24, 1986 • Composed of: 83% hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane • Has 13 known, large planetary rings composed of particles up to 10 meters in diameter • 27 named moons • The magnetic field isn’t centered, it’s tilted about 60˚off • Mass: 8.68 x 1025 kg • Diameter: 51,118 km • Distance from the sun: 2.88 billion km

  28. Neptune • 8th planet from the sun • Neptune's rings are dark and their composition is unknown • In Greek it means: “Poseidon” • Visited by only one spacecraft, Voyager 2, on Aug 25 1989 • Neptune’s winds can reach up to 2,000 km/hour • 13 known natural satellites • Mass: 1.0247 x 1026kg • Diameter: 49,500 km • Distance from the sun: 4.5 billion km

  29. video Part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=43SHCRv4wdw#! Part 2… if yawanna: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMfaCY3moHQ&feature=player_embedded

  30. KS How many known moons does Neptune have?

  31. WWK Dem chilluns will know about the Many kinds of space rocks…

  32. Asteroids The first kind of space rock and most commonly found is, of course, the Asteroid! It consists of a big hunk of rock or ice hurtling through space at great speeds. The first person to discover an asteroid was Giuseppe Piazzi. He discovered the asteroid Ceres.

  33. Types of asteroids • The first type of asteroid is the Meteorite which passes close to the earth, often entering and subsequently burning up in the atmosphere. • Another type of asteroid is a Belt Asteroid which passes in between Jupiter and Mars. • The final type of asteroid is the Trojan . Trojan asteroids tend to travel past Jupiter and to the far reaches of space.

  34. Asteroid belt • The Asteroid belt is a huge ring of large asteroids caught in the gravitational pull of the sun that make a belt around the inner planets.

  35. Pluto • The former 9th planet in our solar system, Pluto, is now technically a big, round, small-planet-sized asteroid. Sadly, with asister asteroid close by and near the same size, scientists decided to revoke Pluto’s sol planetary license. :’(

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