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Causes of Russian Revolution: World War I

This article explains how World War I can be considered as a cause of the Russian Revolution. It explores the pre-war alliance system, Russia's road to war, the problems faced by Russia during the war, and the political effects it had on the country.

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Causes of Russian Revolution: World War I

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  1. Increasing Russia’s Problems Explain why World War I can be considered as a cause of the Russian Revolution World war i

  2. PRE WAR ALLIANCE SYSTEM “Agreement” vs.

  3. PRE WAR ALLIANCE SYSTEM TRIPLE ALLIANCE Germany recently unified (1871) emerging as a powerful country Austria-Hungary a ‘patchwork empire’ many nationalities want independence e.g. Serbia Italy TRIPLE ENTENTE Britain naval race with Germany large colonial empire France humiliated by Prussia (1871) worried about a powerful Germany Russia large country, difficult to rule ‘champion of the Slavs’ vs.

  4. OUTBREAK of WAR Create brief History Road showing ‘Russia’s road to war’

  5. REACTION • Duma all for war (except Bolsheviks) – why? • St. Petersburg becomes PETROGRAD – why? • Early successes due to element of surprise • But by 1915...things started going bad for Russia – why?

  6. RUSSIAN ARMY - 1915 • Huge manpower but: • army ill equipped • poorly organised • transport inadequacies • 2 million casualties, 1 million taken prisoner • ‘Scorched Earth’ policy on retreat = refugees • August 1915 – Nicholas goes to the Front • September 1915 – land gained now lost along with additional land in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia

  7. WHAT PROBLEMS DID WAR CREATE AT HOME FOR RUSSIA? Complete Map and Cartoon Analysis tasks

  8. MAP ANALYSIS

  9. CARTOON ANALYSIS

  10. NOTE TAKING • Divide page into six sections. Give each section a heading: Land, Industry, Transport, Soldiers, The Rouble, Government

  11. PROBLEMS AT HOME • Transport paralysed • Western lands lost were the most developed = loss of production • Labour shortage 15 million men at war • Imports blocked off/disrupted by war • 593 factories close = shortage of armaments

  12. PROBLEMS AT HOME • Farming initially rose then dropped as men and horses taken for the war effort • Refugees from occupied areas looking for food, shelter, fuel = PRICES RISE • 300-500% increase in food prices 1914-1916 • Factories run under military war – opposition (strikers) arrested, exiled or sent to the front

  13. MOST (all?) CLASSES CRITICAL • Peasants – farmer affected by refugee influx, loss of production capabilities, prices rising

  14. MOST (all?) CLASSES CRITICAL • Factory workers – loss of jobs, no opposition, poor conditions, prices rising

  15. MOST (all?) CLASSES CRITICAL • Army/Navy – lack of supplies (including guns), insufficient rations, weary

  16. MOST (all?) CLASSES CRITICAL • Revolutionaries – suppressed, Bolshevik members of the Duma sent to Siberia

  17. MOST (all?) CLASSES CRITICAL • Nobility – angry at influence of Rasputin and Alexandra ‘that German woman/nemka”

  18. POLITICAL EFFECTS • Tsar ignored advice by going to the Front • Anger at Rasputin’s influence (ministers dismissed who did not like his influence) • WIDESPREAD RESENTMENT DUE TO • Economic collapse • Inability of the Tsar to rule effectively • Losses during WWI

  19. VIEWING • Add to your table • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQUAW_CdBds – Part 1 (10min) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_eHNrLKUe8&feature=related – Part 2 (10min) – go for 2 minutes then becomes March Rev

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