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Look at the spread of human chromosomes (Called Karyotype):

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Y. 19. 20. 21. 22. X. 7. Look at the spread of human chromosomes (Called Karyotype): List at least three facts that you can observe. Why do the chromosomes come in pairs?.

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Look at the spread of human chromosomes (Called Karyotype):

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Y 19 20 21 22 X 7

  2. Look at the spread of human chromosomes (Called Karyotype): • List at least three facts that you can observe. • Why do the chromosomes come in pairs?

  3. The microscopicimage of the chromosomes can be re-arranged, . So that the chromosomes are paired up by size, shape, and pattern of bands.

  4. In humans… There are 46 chromosomes, or 22 pairs of autosomes, PLUS 2 sex chromosomes: XX or XY. Boy or girl?

  5. Diploid human Homologous Sister chromatids

  6. Homologous chromosomes: • - Same type of chromosome • - Look identical but carrydifferent information. • Each came from a different parent. • Sister Chromatids: • Duplicate chromosomes that are still connected.

  7. Diploid vs. Haploid cells: (‘Half’) 2 sets of chromosomes 1 set of chromosomes “2N” (human 2N=46) “N” (human N=23) Gametes (egg&sperm) (Germ cells) Body Cells, Zygote

  8. Apply: Write the diploid and haploid numbers for the following organisms: 46 23 8 4 78 39 18 9 36 18 254 127

  9. Which of the following has, on average, larger cells – a sequoia tree, or a daisy plant? An elephant or an ant? Explain your answer.

  10. Describe what is happening in the video clip. • What could be the purpose of this process? At least 2 ideas.

  11. Altogether, cells divide in order to: A. Enable growth while cells are kept small. B. Replace old/damaged cells. C. For A-sexual Reproduction.

  12. When new cells are made, the existing cells divide. Mitosis: the symmetrical movement of the duplicated chromosomes to the two daughter cells. Products: Two diploid cells that are identical to the original cell.

  13. Mitosis 4 to 8 cells Mitosis is Action (Animal) Mitosis HeLa Cells Root Growing Mitosis - Lily We will demonstrate mitosis using yarn pieces as chromosomes.

  14. Mitosis Animation

  15. STEPS of Mitosis: Yarn Simulation Parts of the kit: Raise two chromosomes that are: A. Homologous to one another. B. Sister Chromatids C. Choose the correct sheet. Process: Follow the process with your yarn pieces. Draw, Label, Describe.

  16. * Bats have 72 chromosomes in all of their body cells. • * The first cell of the organism is made by joining egg and sperm. • How many chromosomes in a bat egg or a sperm cell? Explain. • Can cell division by mitosis (duplication of cells) produce egg or sperm? Explain.

  17. ? ? Gametes HUMANS! 46 Zygote

  18. 23 23 Gametes HUMANS! 46 Zygote

  19. ? ? Gametes BATS! 72 Zygote

  20. 36 36 Gametes BATS! 72 Zygote

  21. Mitosis: 1 Diploid to 2 Diploids: 2N DNA replication 4N 2N 2N Tetraploid Meiosis: 1 Diploid to 4 Haploids: DNA replication 1N 1N 4N 2N 1N 1N

  22. Purpose: Make more identical diploid cells. Mitosis: Mitosis animation Meiosis: a.Reduce chromosome number by half b. Create genetic diversity Meiosis Animation animation

  23. Yarn Kit: Meiosis (finally..) Using the four colors Show the split-split process. What do you get? Drawing of mitosis and meiosis

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