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An Uncertain Peace

An Uncertain Peace. U14: Anxiety & Interwar Years AP European History Ms. Tully - UHS. A. WWI Aftermath. GR - hated ToV FR – isolated and fearful US – isolationist RS – hostile, communist 1920s = recovery and democracy 1930s – depression and fascism Burial of an Unknown Soldier

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An Uncertain Peace

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  1. An Uncertain Peace U14: Anxiety & Interwar Years AP European History Ms. Tully - UHS

  2. A. WWI Aftermath • GR - hated ToV • FR – isolated and fearful • US – isolationist • RS – hostile, communist • 1920s = recovery and democracy • 1930s – depression and fascism • Burial of an Unknown Soldier • “Lost Generation”

  3. B. Germany and the Western Powers, 1919-1924 • League of Nations undermined • GR hated treaty • FR – implement treaty, reparations • BR – softer position on GR; need for markets • John Maynard Keynes – British economist

  4. 6. France & the “Little Entente” 7. Allied Reparations Committee – 132 billion marks ($33 billion), annual installments of 2.5 billion 8. The “Ruhr Crisis” (Jan. 1923) 9. GR Hyperinflation & passive resistance 10. Social tensions in GR 11. Compromise

  5. C. The Hopeful Years(1924-1929) • Gustav Streseman – stabilized GR • Dawes Plan (1924) • Treaty of Locarno (1925) • Kellogg-Briad Pact (1928)

  6. D. The Great Depression • Two major factors: downturn in domestic economies & collapse of US stock market • Surplus of wheat – sharp decline in price • Protectionism & Trade Barriers • Prosperity of 1920s dependent on US bank loans • Vienna bank Credit-Anstalt collapsed May 1931 • Cutting back on production = largescale unemployment • Govt’s unable to deal with crises – classical liberalism didn’t work • Renewed interest in Marxism • New authoritarian movement = fascism

  7. E. Great Britain • Lost markets for industrial production during WWI • Rise in unemployment – 2 million by 1921 • Conservative gov’t under Stanley Baldwin led recovery of 1920s • General Strike of 1926 • National Gov’t brought Britain out of GD

  8. F. France • Strongest country on continent after WWI • National Bloc gov’t – Raymond Poincare • Cartel of the Left gov’t – antimilitarism, anticlericalism, education • Poincare is back! Brought stability 1926-1929 • Great Depression, Gov’t turmoil, rising Fascism • Popular Front of 1936 – French New Deal • French gov’t weak and vulnerable in 1938

  9. G. The Scandinavian States • Successful recovery from GD • Social Democratic gov’t – rural and industrial cooperatives • Expanded social services • High taxes & large bureaucracies

  10. H. The Colonial Empires • FR & BR acquired GR colonies • WWI led to movements for change in colonies • Saudi Arabia, Iraq gained independence • Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948) & civil disobedience in India • 1935 – India granted internal self-gov’t

  11. 6. Africans attracted to nationalism 7. 1930s – African leaders calling for independence 8. Most colonies would not gain independence until after WWII

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