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South Africa: Apartheid. “Apartness” Afrikaan lang. Policy of the all-white South African govt. to separate, exploit, and dominate various non-white ethnic groups. Definition. South Africa’s Coat of Arms. 1948: National Election Racist, pro-apartheid party. Origins. Policies.
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“Apartness” Afrikaan lang. Policy of the all-white South African govt. to separate,exploit, and dominate various non-white ethnic groups Definition South Africa’s Coat of Arms
1948: National Election Racist, pro-apartheid party Origins
Policies • 2 racial worlds: • Privileged white minority vs. black majority • lived in poverty • denied facilities & • opp’s (ed., housing, • jobs) • Wealth & luxury • standard of living • Euro society
Racial Categories • Held: • skilled jobs • secondary ed • Couldn’t intermarry • Denied: • white neighborhoods • white facilities • Controlled: • govt. • industry • ag. • ed • military • press
Prevent black majority from gaining econ. & political power Purpose of Apartheid
Results: • Blacks could not: • Vote • Access education • Hold high paying/skilled jobs • Travel w/o “pass books” • Blacks forced to: • Live on “homelands” • Families separated due to limited employment
Resistance movements: African National Congress Pan African Congress Black Consciousness movement Resistance techniques: Civil disobedience strikes boycotts Non-violent demonstrations Results: Non-violent demonstration
End of Apartheid? • 1980’s: govt. began to extend rights to blacks • 1986: reversed policy
Crushed opposition via: Mass arrests Torture Rigged trials Results: 20,000 arrested State of Emergency (1986-1989)
1990: African National Congress (ANC) legalized Africa’s largest anti-apartheid party Leaders released from prison (Nelson Mandela, imprisoned 30 yrs.) Brought about international attention Legal Progress
1994: All party elections 24 hour long lines Results: ANC captured 63% of vote Nelson Mandela Pres. ANC and other political parties created new const. = END of Apartheid Overthrow of Apartheid Govt.
Obstacles for South Africa • Creating economic equality for blacks Khayelitsha, Cape Town