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Introduction to the United States Constitution

Introduction to the United States Constitution. Introduction to the U.S. Constitution. Written in Philadelphia Original intent was to revise the Articles James Madison was the “Father” of the Constitution 39 men signed it in 1787. Constitution. How the Constitution is divided:

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Introduction to the United States Constitution

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  1. Introduction to the United States Constitution

  2. Introduction to the U.S. Constitution • Written in Philadelphia • Original intent was to revise the Articles • James Madison was the “Father” of the Constitution • 39 men signed it in 1787

  3. Constitution • How the Constitution is divided: 1. Articles—the major divisions 2. Sections---divisions of an article 3. Clauses---divisions of a section

  4. The PreambleIntroduction to the Constitution • Two main Questions found in the Preamble: 1. Why they are writing it? (to form a more perfect union) 2. What are the goals to be reached? (establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty)

  5. The PreambleIntroduction to the Constitution • We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

  6. Article I The Legislative Branch

  7. Article I – The Legislative Branch • All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives

  8. Article I – The Legislative Branch • The House of Representatives • Two year terms • Requirements • Must be 25 years or older • Must be a citizen for 7 years • Must live in the state where you serve • 1 Representative for every 30,000 people • Population will be recounted every 10 years • Has the sole power of impeachment

  9. Article I – The Legislative Branch • House of Representatives • 2 Year Term (No Limit) • 25 Years Old • 7 Year Citizen • Resident of state which is represented • Representatives by Population Walt Minnick Mike Simpson

  10. Article I – The Legislative Branch • The Senate • Two Senators for each state (population does not matter) • Serves for 6 Years (1/3 of the senators will be elected every two years.) • Requirements • Must be 30 years or older • Must be a citizen for 9 years • Must live in the state where you serve • Sole power to try the President for impeachment • The Vice President serves as the President of the Senate (only votes in the case of a tie in the Senate)

  11. Article I – The Legislative Branch • Senate • 6 Year Term (No Limit) • Three Classes • 30 Years Old • 9 Year Citizen • Resident of state which is represented • Only Two Per State • Vice President will break ties Mike Crapo Jim Risch

  12. Article I – The Legislative Branch • Congress must assemble at least once per year • Must keep a journal of their proceedings • Congress will be paid for their services • Will be paid out of the United States Treasury • Cannot serve in more than one position in the United States while serving in Congress

  13. Article I – The Legislative Branch • Making Laws • Tax bills may only be started in the House of Representatives • The Senate must approve those bills • All bills must be passed in the Senate and the House before it can go to the President • Bills must pass by over a ½ majority • If a Bill is vetoed, it must be passed again by a ⅔rds majority. • If the President does not sign or veto a bill within 10 days, it becomes a law

  14. Article I – The Legislative Branch • Powers of Congress • Collect Taxes • Borrow Money • Regulate Trade • Coin Money • Establish Post Offices • Promote Science • Declare War • Punish Pirates • Raise an Army • Support a Navy • Provide for a Militia • To Make all laws that are necessary and proper

  15. Article I – The Legislative Branch • Powers that Congress does not have • No banning of Writs of Habeas Corpus • Bring to court to be sure they are tried fairly • No Bills of Attainder • Congress singles out a person without a fair trial • No Ex Post Facto Laws • After the Fact • No Taxing of goods between states • No taking money from the treasury without the passing of a law • No granting of Titles of Nobility

  16. Senate

  17. House of Representatives

  18. Article I – The Legislative Branch Passing Laws

  19. The Legislative Branch

  20. Article II The Executive Branch

  21. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected as follows

  22. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • Electing the President • Each State appoints electors equal to the number of Senators and Representatives • No Senator or Representative may become an Elector • Electors will vote for President • The Person with the most votes becomes President • The Person with the second most votes becomes Vice-President • In the Case of a tie • House chooses President • Senate Chooses Vice-President • The Election process was changed by the Amendment 12

  23. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • Requirements • Must be a Natural Born Citizen • Or a Citizen of the United States at the time of the Adoption of the Constitution • Must be at least 35 Years old • Must be a Resident for 14 Years

  24. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • What if something happens to the President? • In case of Removal, Death, Resignation, or Inability to serve, the following shall occur • The power falls to the Vice-President • This was later changed by the 25th Amendment

  25. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • Pay for the President • The President will be compensated for his time in office • Currently – President Obama • $400,000 per year • $50,000 expense account • $100,000 nontaxable travel account • $19,000 for entertainment

  26. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • Past Presidents • George Washington • $25,000 a year • already a wealthy man, refused to accept his salary • He did ask for his living expenses to be covered • Theodore Roosevelt • spent his entire $50,000 salary on entertaining guests at the White House • John F. Kennedy • donated his salary to charities

  27. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • Powers of the President • Commander in Chief of the Military • May Pardon people for crimes • Make Treaties • Appoint Ambassadors • Appoint Supreme Court Justices • Give the State of the Union Address • Recommend changes in government to the Congress

  28. Article 2 – The Executive Branch • The President may be removed from office for the following • Treason • Bribery • High Crimes • Misdemeanors

  29. Article II—Executive Branch • How long is the President in office? • Four year terms • 1951—22 Amendment changed it to a maximum of 2 terms or ten years • FDR served the most years in office (12)

  30. Article II—Executive Branch • How is the U.S. President elected? • Electors—Presidential voters • Electoral college—system used to elect the President, founders didn’t want a pure form of democracy, wanted a representative democracy • 538=total number of Presidential electors, must have 270 to become president • Purpose of the electoral college---give each state somewhat equal representation • We will discuss the process more in depth at a later date.

  31. Article II—Executive Branch • What are the qualifications for U.S. President? • 35 years old, 14 year resident, natural born citizen • 1st seven presidents were not natural born • 1st natural born was Martin Van Buren • Youngest—Teddy Roosevelt=42 • Youngest elected—John Kennedy=43 • Oldest—Ronald Reagan=69

  32. The Executive Branch

  33. Article III The Judicial Branch

  34. Article 3 – The Judicial Branch • The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Courts, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

  35. Article 3 – The Judicial Branch • The Judges • Judges will serve as long as they show good behavior • Appointed by President • Approved by Senate • Serve for Life (with some acceptions) • Compensation • US District Court judges - $165,200/year • The same as members of Congress. • Chief Justice’s - $212,000/year • The same as the vice president and the speaker of the House • Federal appeals court judges - $175,100/year • Supreme Court Justices - $203,000/year

  36. Article 3 – The Judicial Branch • Judicial Power • Extends in all cases that have to do with • The Constitution • U.S. Laws • Treaties • Ambassadors • Public Ministers • U.S. Conflicts • Controversies between 2 or more states • Between State and Citizen • Between Citizens of different states • Between Citizens of States and Foriegners

  37. Article 3 – The Judicial Branch • Judicial Jurisdiction • Cases affecting Ambassadors and Public Ministers • Supreme Court • All other cases • Appellate Court • Then the Supreme Court

  38. Article 3 – The Judicial Branch • Cases of Treason • The Court will try people for treason • No Person shall be convicted on Treason unless • On the Testimony of two or more Witnesses • On Confession in Open Court • Congress has the power to declare the Punishment of Treason

  39. Article 3 – The Judicial Branch Who are the Supreme Court Justices • Seated • Justice Anthony M. Kennedy • Justice John Paul Stevens • Chief Justice John G. Roberts • Justice Antonin G. Scalia • Justice David H. Souter • Standing • Justice Stephen G. Breyer • Justice Clarence Thomas • Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg • Justice Samuel A. Alito, Jr

  40. Article III—Judicial BranchChecks & Balances Clause One - Who interprets the law? Judicial branch interprets the law (Courts) Legislative makes the law (Congress) Executive enforces the law (President) Judicial powers—the power to hear cases Federal Judges are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate

  41. The Judicial Branch

  42. Article IV States Rights

  43. Article 4 – States Rights • Full faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the Public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. • And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

  44. Article 4 – States Rights • Citizens in one state have the same rights as they do in other states.

  45. Article 4 – States Rights • People who commit a crime in one state and flee to another, must be returned to the State where they committed the crime.

  46. Article 4 – States Rights • No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, …shall be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due. • This was changed by the 13th Amendment

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