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Gap Analysis Program for Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico

Gap Analysis Program for Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico. César Cantú, *J. Michael Scott, *Gerald Wright, **Eva Strand, and *Leona Svancara. College of Forestry, University of Nuevo Leon * U.S. Geological Survey ** College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho.

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Gap Analysis Program for Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico

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  1. Gap Analysis Program for Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico César Cantú, *J. Michael Scott, *Gerald Wright, **Eva Strand, and *Leona Svancara College of Forestry, University of Nuevo Leon * U.S. Geological Survey ** College of Natural Resources, University of Idaho

  2. GAP ANALYSIS PROGRAM (GAP) Scientific method for identifying the degree to which native species and natural communities are represented in our present-day mix of conservation lands (Scott et al. 1993).

  3. The purpose of Gap Analysis Program (GAP) is to provide broad geographic information on the status of ordinary species (non-conservation status) and their habitats in order to provide land managers, planners, scientists, and policy makers with the information they need to make better-informed decisions (Scott and Gergely 1997).

  4. Digital map overlays in a GIS are used to identify individual species, species-rich areas and vegetation types that are unrepresented or underrepresented in existing biodiversity management areas (Scott et al. 1993).

  5. OBJECTIVE • To present advances of Gap Program • for Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon, Mexico: • Nature Reserves • Vertebrate and Plant species • Logistic aspects

  6. Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas are neighbor states in Northeast Mexico covering 64,924 and 79,384 sq. km, respectively. (144,308 sq. km)

  7. Nuevo Leon has 19 and Tamaulipas 23 of the 39 recognized vegetation types for Mexico (Flores and Gerez 1994).

  8. 283,318 ha and 4.3% ofsurface

  9. 215,332 ha covering 2.7% of state

  10. 12 countries, 6 of them in America

  11. Mexico is almost 2 millions sq. km. 14th in the world in size

  12. Mexico has after Brazil and Columbia the largest species diversity in the world (Mittermeir 1988).

  13. COUNTRIES WITH HIGH BIODIVERSITY Group Countries and Species Richness Plants Brazil Colombia China Mexico 55,0000 45,000 30,000 26,000 Amphibians Brazil Colombia Ecuador Mexico 516 407 358 282 Reptiles Mexico Australia Indonesia Brazil 707 597 529 462 Mammals Indonesia Mexico Brazil China 519 439 421 410

  14. SPECIES OF PLANTS AND VERTEBRATA EXTINCT SINCE 1600 WORLD MEXICO Plants 595 15 Fish 92 19 Amphibians 5 1 Reptiles 21 0 Birds 108 8 Mammals 89 4 TOTAL 910 47 539 species extinct or missing in USA in the last 200 years

  15. 15 SPECIES OF PLANTS

  16. 15 SPECIES OF PLANTS EXTINCT SINCE 1600 8 BIRD SPECIES 8 MAMMAL SPECIES

  17. 19 FISH and 1 AMPHIBIAN SPECIES

  18. WORLDWIDE THREATENED SPECIES (IUCN 1996) % spp. of total Vascular Plants 33,798 12.5 Mammals 1,096 25 Birds 970 11 Reptiles 253 20 Amphibians 124 25 Fishes 734 34

  19. 2,421 species under conservation status in Mexico

  20. Considering the ecosystems diversity, a WWF classification of ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean, showed that Mexico, with the 5 ecosystem types, 9 of the 11 different habitats, and 51 of the 191 ecoregions is the most diverse country in the continent. The conservation status analysis showed that in Mexico are present 14 of the 51 priority ecoregions (Dinerstein et al 1995).

  21. DIVERSITY OF ECOSISTEMS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBEAN (Dinerstein et al 1995) Type of Mexico Brazil Colombia Chile Ecosystem 5/5 5/5 4/5 3/5 Types of Mexico Brazil Argentina Colombia Habitats 9/11 8/11 6/11 6/11 EcoregionsMexico Brazil Colombia Argentina 51/191 34/191 29/191 19/191

  22. MEXICO is the most diverse country of America All 5ECOSYSTEMS 9 of 11HABITATS 51 of 191ECOREGIONS 14 of the 51 priority ECOREGIONS are in MEXICO

  23. Regarding the cultural diversity, worldwide Mexico is after India the most diverse country with 62 ethnic groups (INI 2001).

  24. WORLDWIDE 5,000 LIVING IDIOMS India 65 Mexico 62 China 54

  25. 80% of all American Indians live currently in Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. INDIAN PORPULATION IN AMERICA (Matos, 1993)

  26. In Mexico Year Idioms 1519 170 1890 100 2001 62 Currently 16 Ethnic groups (idioms) are endangered, They are spoken by less than 1,000 people each.

  27. Common Group Name Self-given Name Meaning 1. Tojolabales 74,000 (20) Tojolwinik’otik  Legitimate or true men   2. Tarascos 204,000 (14) Purépechas  Person or people  3. Chichimeca, Jonaz 3,100 (39)  Ézar  Indios 4. Triquis  36,000 (27) Tinujei  My brother   5. Zoque  88,000 (18) O’depüt  People of the Language   6. Popoluca  69,000 (22) Homshuk  God of Corn   7. Tzeltales 547,000 (6)  Winik atel  Working Men   8. Tzotziles  514,000 (7) Batsil winik’otik  True Men   9. Mochos  500 (52) Mochos o Motozintlecos  ..........  10. Huasteco  247,000 (12) Teenek  Those who live in the fields 

  28. 11. Nahua  2,563,000 (1) Macehuale  Campesino  12. Otomí 566,000 (5) Hña hñu  Otomí speakers  13. Huicholes  55,000 (25) Wirrárika  The People   14. Kikapú 580 (51) Kikaapoa  Those who walk the earth  15. Mazahuas  254,000 (11) Mazahuas  Where there iare deer  16. Mazatecos  339,000 (9) Ha shuta enima  People of Custom   17. Mayas 1,490,000 (2)  Mayá  Name of the Territory  18. Matlazincas  1,800 (41) Matlazinca  Those who make nets  19. Mayos 78,000 (19) Yoremes  The people of the Shore   20. Mixes  188,000 (15) Ayuuk  The People   21 Chinantecos  224,000 (13) Tsa ju jmí  People of the Old Word  Meaning Common Group Name Self-given Name

  29. 22. Chatinos  66,000 (23) Kitse cha’tnio  Work of the Words   23. Coras  27,000 (29) Nayeri  24. Huaves  23,000 (34) Mero ikooc  The True Us  25. Seris  910 (47) Kon kaak  The People   26. Tarahumara 122,000 (26)  Rarámuri  Runners on Foot  27. Tepehuanes 44,000 (26)  Odámi  People   28. Zapotecos Istmo 785,000 (3)  Binnzá  People who come from the Clouds  29. Konjobal 27,000 (30) Ben’zaa  People of the Clouds  30. Cuicateco 24,000 (32)  Bene xon  People of the Clouds  31. Totonacos  410,000 (8) Totonacos  Man of the Hot Country  32. Tlapanecos  146,000 (16) Me’phaa  He who is Painted  Meaning Common Group Name Self-given Name

  30. 33. Chochos 1,600 (43)  Runixa ngiigua  Those who speak The Language   34. Choles  274,000 (10) Winik  Men or Milperos  35. Yaquis  25,000 (31) Yoremes  Man   36. Amuzgos 63,000 (24) Tzjon non  People of the textiles   37. Chontales de Oaxaca  13,000 (37) Slijuala xanuc’  Inhabitants of the Mountains   38. Chontales de Tabasco 72,000 (21)  Yokot’ anob  The Yoko Speaking People   39. Guaríjios  3,000 (40) Macurawe  Those who Roam the Earth  40. Mames 24,000 (33)  Mam  Father, Grandfather or Ancestors   41. Pimas 1,600 (44) O’ob  The People  42. Pápagos 270 (56)  Thono o’otham  People of the Desert  Meaning Common Group Name Self-given Name

  31. 43. Pames 14,000 (36)   Xi’úi  Indigenous  44. Mixtecos  785,000 (4) Ñuu savi  People of the Rin  45. Lacandon  130 (59) Hach Winik  True Men   46. Kumiai 360 (54) Kumiai  47. Cucapa  260 (57) Cucapa  48. Paipai  410 (53) Akwa’ala  49. Cochimi  240 (58) 50. Kiliwa  80 (60) 51. Ocuilteco 1,100 (46) 52. Popolocas 28,000 (28)  53. Ixcatecos  620 (49) 54. Chuj  3,900 (38) 55. Jacaltecos  1,300 (45) 56. Tepehua  17,000 (35) Meaning Common Group Name Self-given Name

  32. 57. Kekchis 1,700 (42) 58. Quuiché 640 (48) 59. Cakchiquel 610 (50) 60. Ixil310 (55) 61. Aguacateco 60 (61) 62. Teco 50 (62) Meaning Common Group Name Self-given Name 16 Ethnic groups ENDANGERED. Less than 1,000 people.

  33. 4,000 medicinal plants used in Mexico

  34. IUCN´s goal is to protect at least 10% of each natural ecosystemin order to conserve between 45 to 70% of all remaining species

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