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Psychological Disorders: An Introduction Module 65

Psychological Disorders: An Introduction Module 65. Defining Disorder. Psychological Disorders. Psychopathology—scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders

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Psychological Disorders: An Introduction Module 65

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  1. Psychological Disorders:An IntroductionModule 65

  2. Defining Disorder

  3. Psychological Disorders Psychopathology—scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders Psychological disorder - a pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to functioncognitively, emotionally, or behaviorally & interferes with important areas of daily life

  4. Psychological Disorder • A “harmful dysfunction” in which behaviors are maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing, and atypical

  5. MUDA • A mnemonic device used to remember the four attributes of a psychological disorder • Maladaptive • An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors • Destructive to oneself or others • Unjustifiable • A behaviorwhich does not have a rational basis • Disturbing • A behavior which is troublesome to other people • Atypical • A behavior so different from other people’s behavior that it violates a cultural norm

  6. Understanding Disorders

  7. Early Views of Mental Illness • In ancient times, mental illness was usually explained through a supernatural model; the person was possessed or a sinner • During the Middle Ages treatment methods were inhumane and cruel

  8. Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) • French physician who said mental illness was a sickness of the mind and should be viewed medicallyas having physical causes • Diagnosed, treated & cured in a hospital setting • Worked to reform the treatment of people with mental disorders • Encouraged more humane treatment • During his tenure directing the Paris Men’s Asylum, the death rates for patients went from 60% to 10%

  9. The Medical Model • Mental Illnesses have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, & in most cases, cured. • Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on their symptoms and treated or cured through therapy.

  10. Bio-Psycho-Social Model • Mental illness has biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors that combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

  11. Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective

  12. Classifying Disorders

  13. DSM-5 • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition • A guidebook for clinicians for diagnosis • Provides a common language to label mental disorders • Recently revised by the American Psychiatric Association – See the Changes made in this new addition • Lists and describes symptoms for 250 specific psychological disorders • Has changed significantly since the first edition

  14. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) • Describes specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for psychological disorders • Clinical Presentation (What are the symptoms?) • Etiology (What causes the disorder?) • Developmental Stage (How does this look in kids? Adults?) • Functional Impairment (What will happen short-term & long-term?)

  15. Labeling Stigmas • Studies show a clear bias against people diagnosed with mental disorders. • Once someone is labeled, we have a difficult time viewing them differently • Everything they do is viewed through the lens of mental illness • Which of the following is less stigmatizing: • Calling someone “schizophrenic”? • Implies the individual is the condition & doesn’t recognize the person • Calling someone a “person with schizophrenia”? • Acknowledges the person and places the mental illness in a category as a less stigmatizing physical illness label

  16. Are People with a Mental Illness as Violent as the Media Portrays Them? • People with mental disorders are often depicted on TV as helpless victims or evil villains who are unpredictable, dangerous, and violent. • One study indicated that, overall, former mental patients did not have a higher rate of violence than a matched comparison group. • People with severe mental disorders who are experiencing bizarre delusional ideas and hallucinated voices do have a slightly higher level of violent and illegal behavior than do “normal” people. • People with mental disorders are more likely to be the victim of violence

  17. Rates of Psychological Disorders • 26% of adult Americans “suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder • Immigrant Paradox – Mexican Americans born in the U.S. have a greater risk of mental illness compared to those who recently immigrated • Major predictor of mental illness – Poverty • Most disorders strike by early adulthood with 75% having had first symptoms by the age of 24.

  18. Prevalence of Mental Disorders Worldwide

  19. What does this mean to have good Psychological Well-Being? • Carol D. Ryff’s6 core dimensions of well-being: • Self-Acceptance – positive attitude towards one’s self • Positive Relations with Other People • Autonomy – independent, self-determining, self-controlled • Environmental Mastery – choose & create supportive environments • Purpose in Life – has goals and a sense of directness • Personal Growth – see themselves as growing & expanding

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