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HISTOLOGY: Study of Tissues

HISTOLOGY: Study of Tissues. Four Types? Two components of tissue?. 4 Types. Epithelial tissue Connective tissue Muscular tissue Nervous tissue. 2 Components of Tissue. Cells Extracellular matrix. Focus: Epithelium. LOCATION OF EPITHELIUM:. Lining of body cavities

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HISTOLOGY: Study of Tissues

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  1. HISTOLOGY:Study of Tissues Four Types? Two components of tissue?

  2. 4 Types • Epithelial tissue • Connective tissue • Muscular tissue • Nervous tissue

  3. 2 Components of Tissue • Cells • Extracellular matrix

  4. Focus: Epithelium

  5. LOCATION OF EPITHELIUM: • Lining of body cavities • Lining of digestive tract • Lining of heart and blood vessels • Lining of gland ducts • Skin

  6. FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM • Protection • Absorption – one side of the tissue is always in contact w/ external opening (maintains homeostasis) • Secretions – hormones, mucus, enzymes

  7. How epithelial tissues are classified: SHAPE: • Squamous – thin, think “squished” • Cuboidal – cubed shape • Columnar – rectangular think “column” LAYERS: • Simple = single layer • Stratified = more than one layer

  8. Types of epithelium • Simple squamous • Simple cuboidal • Simple columnar • Stratified cuboidal

  9. “special” types of epithelium • Pseudostratified cuboidal or columnar – “false layers”, looks like there is more than one layer b/c nucleus alignment in cells • Transitional epithelium – tissues that adjusts to various tensions (think bladder)

  10. Anat/physiology October 9, 2006 Turn in epithelium packet w/ drawings attached POP QUIZ on identifying types of Epithelial tissue Test on Ch 5 – epithelium and connective tissue on Friday!!

  11. Pop quiz #1

  12. Pop quiz #2

  13. Pop quiz #3

  14. Pop quiz #4

  15. Pop quiz #5

  16. Pop quiz #6

  17. Pop quiz #7

  18. Pop quiz #8

  19. Pop quiz #9

  20. Pop quiz #10

  21. Connective Tissue 3 TYPES Connective tissue proper Fluid connective tissue Supporting connective tissue

  22. Connective tissue proper • Many types of cells in a syrupy ground substance • Ex of where found = tendons, surrounding organs, ligaments, surrounds respiratory passageway • Two types of connective tissue • loose connective • dense connective

  23. Connective tissue proper: CELLS • Fibroblasts (slender and star-shaped cells)

  24. Connective tissue proper: CELLS • Macrophages

  25. Connective tissue proper: CELLS • Adipose cells (stores fat)

  26. Connective tissue proper: CELLS • Mast Cells

  27. Connective tissue proper: CELLS • Plasma Cells

  28. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS • Collagen • Found in tendons and ligaments

  29. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS • Elastic Fibers • Rare but important • Found between vertebrae and aorta

  30. Connective tissue proper: FIBERS • Reticular Fibers • holds blood vessels to surface of organs

  31. Marfan Syndrome • Genetic disorder that effects the production of connective tissue • Effects just about every system in the body • Especially dangerous for blood vessels: collapse and/or bursting of aorta

  32. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE • Loose (aka areolar) • Dense • Adipose

  33. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE • Loose connective (areolar) • “packing material” • Fills spaces between organs, supports epithelium • Forms a layer that separates skin from deeper structures like muscles • Highly vascularized, shots given in this tissue for quick transport of drugs

  34. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE • Adipose • Cushioning and energy storage • Found under skin of groin, buttocks, breasts and abdomen • Also fills bony sockets behind eyes • dominant connective tissue of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

  35. Connective tissue proper: GROUND SUBSTANCE • Dense Connective • Tightly packed collagen fibers make this tissue really strong • Found in tendons, ligaments, surrounding muscles, and surrounds blood vessels and respiratory passageways

  36. Fluid Connective Tissue • Blood and Lymph

  37. Supporting Connective Tissue • Cartilage – ground substance surrounding chondrocytes (cartilage cells) called matrix, matrix is firm gel • Bone – matrix is rigid because of calcification and contains osteocytes (bone cells) (more next chapter)

  38. Supporting Connective Tissue: CARTILAGE • Hyaline – found between ribs and the sternum, along passageway of respiratory tract, opposing surfaces of bones with many joints (elbow and knee) • Elastic – outer ear, epiglottis and tip of nose • Fibrocartilage – between vertebrae, pubic bones of pelvis, some joints and tendons

  39. Cartilage and Knee Injuries • Cartilages are avascular so they heal poorly • New research in growing and replacing cartilage has showed promise in dog studies

  40. Fig. 5.19b

  41. Fig. 5.19c

  42. Last Two Types • Epithelial Tissue • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  43. Muscle • Smooth • Skeletal (striated) • Cardiac

  44. Smooth • Lines organs such as those of the digestive tract

  45. Fig. 5.22b

  46. Skeletal • Voluntary control – able to contract and create movement • Multi-nucleated and visible striations

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