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RULE NUMBER 1: DON’T PANIC!

RULE NUMBER 1: DON’T PANIC!. RULE NUMBER 2: CALL 911!. RULE NUMBER 3: DO NOT TOUCH BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS UNLESS PROTECTED!. RULE NUMBER 4: REMEMBER RULE NUMBER 1!. Should You Drive or Call Ambulance?. Ask these questions: Does the persons condition appear to be life threatening?

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RULE NUMBER 1: DON’T PANIC!

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  1. RULE NUMBER 1: DON’T PANIC!

  2. RULE NUMBER 2: CALL 911!

  3. RULE NUMBER 3: DO NOT TOUCH BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS UNLESS PROTECTED!

  4. RULE NUMBER 4: REMEMBER RULE NUMBER 1!

  5. Should You Drive or Call Ambulance? Ask these questions: Does the persons condition appear to be life threatening? Could their condition worsen? Could moving the person cause more injury?

  6. Questions cont- Does the person need the attention or equipment that first responders provide? Would traffic conditions cause a delay in getting to the hospital?

  7. Why people fail to get involved Afraid of law suits Afraid of doing something wrong Afraid of cooties

  8. A LAYPERSON HAS NO LEGAL DUTY TO HELP A VICTIM. IF YOU DECIDE TO OFFER HELP, YOU ARE COVERED UNDER THE GOOD SAMARITAN LAW, WHICH WILL GENERALLY PROTECT YOU FROM LIABILITY, AS LONG AS YOU:

  9. ACT IN GOOD FAITH. ARE NOT RECKLESS OR NEGLIGENT. ACT AS A PRUDENT PERSON WOULD. DO NOT EXCEED YOUR SCOPE OF TRAINING.

  10. LATEX GLOVES. (P.P.E.). BANDAGES / DRESSINGS. FACE SHIELD/POCKET MASK. ICE PACKS. SCISSORS / TWEEZERS. ANTISEPTIC. TAPE.

  11. BLEEDING CONTROL. SEIZURES. DIABETES. FALLS / FRACTURES. SYNCOPE / FAINTING. ALLERGIC REACTIONS. BURNS. CPR / AED Blood Borne Pathogens

  12. Diabetes Allergic Reactions Breathing difficulties Shock Fainting Seizures Heart Attacks Strokes

  13. *Sprains / Strains *Lacerations *Fractures *Amputations *Shock *Burns

  14. RECOGNIZE AN ILL OR INJURED PERSON. ASSESS THE SCENE FOR SAFETY. DON’TPANIC! ASSESSTHE VICTIM. ALERT EMS!

  15. ATTEND TO THE VICTIM: CHECK ABC’S. EXAMINE THE PATIENT. CHECK FOR BLEEDING. TREAT THE VICTIM. ASK BYSTANDERS. 7) REMAIN WITH THE VICTIM.

  16. ARE YOU TAKING ANY MEDS? DO YOU HAVE ANY ALLERGIES? DO YOU HAVE ANY MEDICAL PROBLEMS? WHAT HURTS? MEDIC ALERTS!

  17. 29 CFR 1910.1030 • Originally issued December 6, 1991. • Places responsibility for protection of personnel on to the employer: • Mandatory in-service training. • Work practice controls/engineering controls. • Incident reporting/treatment protocols. • Hepatitis B vaccinations.

  18. Disease Producing Organisms • Virus • Generally only live inside the cells of another organism • Bacteria • Capable of living outside the cells of another organism

  19. Parasite • Live within a host and feed upon it • Fungus • Generally live on the outside of a host

  20. Infectious disease • Caused by micro-organisms • Not transmissible from person to person • Communicable disease • Caused by micro-organisms • May be transmitted from person to person

  21. Direct Transmission • Contact with the blood or body fluids directly from another person • Indirect Transmission • Contact with blood or body fluids or micro-organisms on an object

  22. Modes Of Transmission • Food borne • Ingested by eating or drinking • Air borne • Droplets inhaled

  23. Blood borne • Piercing of the skin barrier • Contamination of mucous membranes

  24. Mucous Membranes Eyes Nose Mouth Vagina Anus

  25. AIDS – The Process HIV enters body and attaches to the T-cells. HIV reprograms T-cells to produce more HIV. T-cells produce HIV until they burst and spread more HIV. New HIV seeks out more T-cells.

  26. AIDS - Stages • HIV Primary Infection (Asymptomatic) • From infection to symptoms – up to 10 years • HIV (Symptomatic) • From symptoms to specific T-cell count (200 cells per micro-liter) • AIDS • From specific T-cell count (200 cells per micro-liter) till death

  27. AIDS - Transmission • IS transmitted by: • Sexual contact • Sharing of needles and syringes with infected person • Blood transfusion • Exposure to blood or body fluid of infected person • NOT transmitted by: • Sitting next to an infected person • Shaking hands with an infected person • Eating in public areas • Using public restrooms • mosquitoes

  28. No known cure at this time Treatments Anti-viral drugs Immune system booster drugs Surgery Radiation Other drug treatment AIDS – Cure? • Early diagnosis and treatment are the keys to survival

  29. Hepatitis Inflammation of the liver Chronic Acute Leads to cell damage resulting in cirrhosis or cancer

  30. Hepatitis - Strains • HAV • Fecal/oral • Acute • HBV • Blood, semen, vaginal fluids • Chronic • Interferon effective in 35-45% of cases

  31. Hepatitis - Strains • HCV • Blood • Chronic • Interferon is effective in 10-20% of cases

  32. Hepatitis – Strains • HDV • Blood, semen,vaginal fluids • Chronic • Only infects persons with HBV • HEV • Fecal/oral • Acute

  33. Hepatitis - Vaccines • Hepatitis A • Only recommended for persons in the risk groups who are leaving the United States • Hepatitis B • Offered free to all department personnel • Series of three shots • Extremely effective, even post-exposure

  34. Hepatitis – Signs and Symptoms Light stools Dark urine fatigue Fever Jaundice

  35. Meningitis • There is a viral strain • Highly contagious • Signs/Symptoms • Fever • Severe headache • Stiff neck • Sore throat • Children with undiagnosed fever may be meningitis

  36. Hazards in the Workplace Cleanliness in station Patient care equipment in station living area Co-workers Body fluids on scenes Sharp objects on scenes

  37. Exposure Control Plan Identifies which personnel are at risk Provides procedures for investigation of exposures Provides engineering and work practice controls Mandates Hepatitis B vaccinations and record keeping Outlines post-exposure procedures and record keeping

  38. Exposure Control Plan Contains • Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves • Eye protection • Respiratory protection • Sharps containers • Sharps shuttles • Sharps boxes • Pocket masks

  39. Exposure Control Plan • Scene Operations • Scene control • Wash hands • No eating, drinking, smoking, etc • No recapping of needles • CPR • Respiratory protection • Medical information

  40. Exposure Control Plan • Post Response • Location for cleaning of equipment • Disinfection with bleach • No eating, drinking, smoking, etc • Durable equipment • Delicate equipment

  41. Exposure Control Plan • Post Exposure • Report Any • Needle sticks • Break in skin • Splash into mucous membranes • Mouth-to-mouth • Other exposure • To your Immediate Supervisor

  42. REMEBER Washing hands and utilizing proper Personal Protective equipment is the best method. If it is not your body fluid, then do not touch it. If exposed wash as soon as possible and use hand cleaner. Skin is largest organ and natural protector keep in tack.

  43. DIABETES IS CAUSED BY THE BODY’S INABILITY TO PROPERLY PROCESS SUGAR. THIS IS CAUSED BY A DEFICIENCY IN INSULIN PRODUCTION.

  44. SOME DIABETICS TAKE INSULIN SHOTS. THIS ALLOWS THE BODY TO PROCESS SUGAR INTO THE CELLS. ANOTHER TYPE OF DIABETES IS CONTROLLED BY DIET AND / OR ORAL MEDICATIONS.

  45. SOMETIMES A DIABETIC MAY NOT EAT ENOUGH AFTER TAKING THEIR INSULIN. THIS CAUSES THE SUGAR LEVEL TO DROP. (HYPOGLYCEMIA) Most Common SINCE THE BRAIN RUNS ON SUGAR, A LOW SUGAR LEVEL WILL CAUSE CONFUSION, OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS.

  46. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS INCLUDE: CONFUSION,DIZZINESS, DROWSINESS. FEELING OR LOOKING ILL. ABNORMAL PULSE (RAPID/WEAK). PROFUSE SWEATING.

  47. LOOK FOR A MEDIC ALERT TAG! IF THE PERSON IS CONSCIOUS , GIVE THEM FLUIDS CONTAINING SUGAR. WATCH THE PERSON CAREFULLY, THEY MAY LOSE CONSCIOUSNESS OR COME COMBATIVE.

  48. IF THE PERSON IS UNCONSCIOUS: CALL 911, AND ENSURE THAT THE PATIENT HAS AN OPEN AIRWAY. MONITOR THE PATIENT.

  49. CAUSED BY A TEMPORARY REDUCTION OF BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN. MANY PATIENTS FALL, CAUSING INJURY.

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