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The Basics of Creating the Elements of Design

Learn about lines, shapes, forms, colors, and values in design. Practice drawing different elements and explore their uses in art.

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The Basics of Creating the Elements of Design

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  1. The Basics of Creating the Elements of Design Review of the Elements Objective: Fold into or measure your paper into 8 squares total. Put your: name, date, and period in the upper right hand corner and title it: Elements of Design. Number the rest of the boxes 1-7 and Define and Draw each of the Elements using the directions.

  2. Choose one of the trees and draw it!

  3. Describe the kinds of lines you see within this drawing!

  4. 1-What is a Line? The path of a point through space. When you touch your pencil to paper it makes a mark, or a point, if you move your pencil it makes a line. You can move your pencil many different ways and make many different types of lines. Next are some examples.

  5. This is an example of what you are to do in each box. Define & Draw.

  6. Practice drawing these lines and attempt some designs!

  7. Describe some of the lines you can see in Kandinsky’s Composition IV.

  8. Describe 2 kinds of line in Matisse’s The Dessert Harmony in Red.

  9. Zentangles are line based drawings.

  10. Line Drawing Activities Tell the story of a bumble bee using lines and movement. Use yellow, black, and gray. Design a line based logo for your favorite movie or tv show. Use primary hues: yellow, red, and blue. Create a line-based optical art design with red and blue. This will create a warm-cool optical illusion.

  11. 2-What is a Shape? A shape is a two-dimensional (flat) area enclosed by a line. When you make a line on your paper and it comes back to where the line started you have created a shape. There are two types of shapes, geometric, made up of straight lines and organiclines, made up of rounded and curved lines, like the lines you find in nature. This is also called a closed shape because the beginning of the line touches the end of the line.

  12. 1-CIRCLE TO SPHERE 2-SQUARE TO CUBE 3-TRIANGLE TO PYRAMID 4- RECTANGLE TO CYLINDER

  13. Every drawing starts with a shape and transforms into a form.

  14. How to draw a cube.

  15. How to draw cylinders and cubes and to add value.

  16. Identify the shapes you see in Wayne Thiebaud’s French Pastries?

  17. Shape Drawing Activities Draw an organic shape landscape with a tree, hills and flowers. Use vibrant hues & colored pencils. Use a variety of overlapping shapes and fill in with contrasting colors. (red green, purple yellow, blue orange, & black white)

  18. 3) A form is a three-dimensional (3D) shape that has height, width and depth. Form is different than shape because form adds depth like the examples below. We can see form in a drawing by the way light hits the items and the way its shadows are cast. What is a Form?

  19. 3-Form Drawing Activities Draw a new design for a soda can. Create your dream house from a cube.

  20. Which forms can you identify in The Blue Vase by Paul Cezanne?

  21. Parts of value are important because you must know the process of turning a shape into a form and how to add light to create 3 dimensional form.

  22. What is Color? Color is the visible range of reflected light you see. You can see objects in different colors because of the light that is reflected off of them. Color has three properties: hue, value and intensity. The Color Wheel - We use the color wheel to show how colors work together for colors we use for any kind of design.

  23. The Primary Colors can create all 12 colors on the color wheel.

  24. When you mix Primary Colors Together, you can create Secondary Colors. Try to do this with colored pencils or crayons.

  25. Also on this color wheel example are the colors you get when you mix the primary and secondary colors to get the tertiary colors. They are the colors on either side of the secondary colors. Create them all with only primary hues.

  26. When you mix Primary Colors Together, you can create Secondary Colors. Try to do this with colored pencils or crayons.

  27. Activity for Drawing with Color Option 1 Create an artwork in Yellow, Red, and Blue Inspired by Piet Mondrian. Option 2 Create an artwork with only primary colors (yellow, red, and blue) and use them to create all 12 color wheel hues.

  28. Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue by Piet Mondrian, 1921

  29. Understanding Color Hue is the name of a color. Intensity is the brightness or dullness of a hue. Value of a color is the lightness or darkness of the hue (color). The value scale of one color is called a monochromatic scale. Value changes are made to a color by adding white (to create a tint) or black (to create a shade) as shown below.

  30. 5-What is Value? The value of any object is the lightness or darkness of a line, shape or form. Value ranges from white to black and all the values in between.

  31. Describe the value you can see in Georgia O’Keefe’s Skull with Calico Roses.

  32. You can create different values using your pencil by changing how hard you press on the lead, if you press lightly you get a light value and the value gets darker the harder you press. Drawing pencils create different types of value based on their number. The H on a drawing pencil stands for Hard, the B stands for Black (or Soft). The higher the number the harder (lighter) or softer (darker) the pencil marks will be. See the example:

  33. Activity: Create your own value scale Choose 1 of the value scale techniques above and create a (5)+ value scale chart.

  34. Activity for Drawing Value Draw some 3d marbles in pencil. Include a shaded background. Make them 3d with: a highlight (white), mid tone (gray), and shadow (black).

  35. 6-What is Texture? Texture is how something feels or appears to feel. There are two types of texture, how something really feels if you touch it is called "actual texture" and how something appears to feel, as in a drawing or painting, is called "implied texture". These are some kinds of texture you can draw:

  36. Describe the kinds of texture can you see within Laughing Cavalier by Frans Hall.

  37. Texture Drawing Activity Draw a line pattern. Fill it with as many Kinds of texture as Possible: sand, leaves, Rock, brick, ants, etc.

  38. 7-What is Space? Space is the area around, below, above and within an artwork, it is the illusion of depth or space on a flat surface. Space is making things look near, far, above or below other objects on a page. This is achieved by using overlapping, varying size, value, placement, detail, color and linear perspective within a composition. Composition is the placement of the arts elements in an artwork or photograph. Here are some examples of how you can create space in your drawings. Overlapping This example shows overlapping to create depth, the closest image covers part of the image behind it to show depth.

  39. Describe the textures you see in St. George Fighting the Dragon by Raphael.

  40. Size Depth is created using size when objects that are nearer appear larger than smaller object at a distance. View the artwork "The Gleaners" by Jean Francois Millet and Georges Seurat's paintingSunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte to see how things get smaller in the distance.

  41. Color Depth is created using color when objects that are nearer appear more brightly colored than objects at a distance which appear faded. View the art "View of Arles, Flowering Orchards" by Vincent Van Gogh and compare the colors that are near and far.

  42. Perspective Space is also created by using perspective (converging lines), that is, by making things look like they get smaller and come together as they get farther away. View the artwork "School of Athens" by Raphael and see if you can find an example of converging lines.

  43. Depth is created in an artwork when objects that are closer to you appear to have more detail than objects at a distance whose detail appears to fade. View the artwork "Looking Down Yosemite Valley" by Albert Bierstadt and notice how details disappear into the distance.

  44. Placement Objects placed in the foreground appear closer than objects placed in the middle ground or background. Placement is often used with size to show depth. View the artwork "Tropical Forest with Monkeys" by Henri Rousseau and identify what objects are in the foreground, middleground and background.

  45. Space is also created by the use of positive and negative space: Positive and Negative Space Positive space is the space taken up by an object on a page and negative space is the area around the object(s). Negative space helps draw attention to the subject (positive space).

  46. Space Drawing Activity Draw a scene of nature (Example: sky, mountains, grass, trees, flowers, etc). Make sure the scene has: foreground (front ground), middle ground (something off in the distance), and background space (typically the sky). Use any medium to draw out the scene, observing: shapes and size of objects, overall color, value, Texture, and form. Try to draw the scene as realistically as possible. This is your final test of the Elements of Design. I hope you like your final results. Congratulations!

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