ITE Inc. April 12, 2007 1507A N. Colonial Terrace Arlington, VA 22209 703-528-3711 ITEinc.US

1. Design Tools to Support NAVSEA Ship Design & Program Management&NAVSEA - CNETHSI for Training Systems ITE Inc. April 12, 2007 1507A N. Colonial Terrace Arlington, VA 22209 703-528-3711 www.ITEinc.US References: ASNE Technical Paper, “Achieving Human Systems Integration through Design,” June 2003 I/ITSEC Technical Paper, “A Total Ship – Crew Model to Achieve Human Systems Integration,” December 2004 Available on ITE Website at www.ITEinc.US www.ITEinc.US

2. Agenda • Purpose • History of NAVSEA Physics Based Design (PBD) Tools • CAD-Physics History: • Integration • Design Applications • HSI Applications • Crafting a Design Environment to supportSECNAV, NAVSEA & CNET Objectives • Capture all validated models for HSI reuse • Way Ahead www.ITEinc.US

3. Purpose www.ITEinc.US

4. Purpose • To share ITE 8 year history of working with NAVSEA to develop: • Physics Based Design Tools • Integration of Physics Tools with 2D-3D CAD Tools • Reuse of validated physics model to support HSI • ICAS support • DDG-1000 Design Tools • Support NAVSEA objectives for managing ship design: use concurrent V&V • Support DoD – SECNAV Policy: Simulation Based Acquisition • Discuss successful, practical examples of concurrent V&V of design using “physics” modeling and reuse of captured models for HSI objectives for NAVSEA & CNET: • Shore & Afloat Dynamic Eng / DC & Total Ship Training (BFTT) • Real-time Readiness Assessment ship systems (ICAS) • Engineering & DC Operational Decision Aids • Distance Support • Future Ship Modernization • Support Next Generation Integrated Power Systems (NGIPS) design architectures and supporting design tools • Reduce RISK to Performance, Cost and Schedule www.ITEinc.US

5. 2. History of NAVSEA Physics Based Design (PBD) Tools www.ITEinc.US

6. Simsmart “Physics” analysis was competitively selected by NAVSEA in 1996 is a multi-discipline Physics Based Design (PBD) tool for HM&E process and control systems: • Liquids • Gases • HVAC • AC/DC electrical generation and distribution • Logic and analog machinery control systems • Propulsion www.ITEinc.US

7. Simsmart™ Physics Tool Overview To create SIMSMART™ flow sheets just drag & drop the desired equipment andcontrol icons on the screen from selectedmodel libraries, link them and entertheir characteristics www.ITEinc.US

8. CAD (Computer Aided Drafting) … “Does it fit?” The Tools Physics Modeling … “Does it work?” Performance Metrics SIMSMART™ HMI Run-Time Data Trend ... www.ITEinc.US

9. Ship Modernization / HSI: Open the Model Create & Validate the New Design HSI App. Integrated Product Data Environment (IPDE www.ITEinc.US

10. CG LPD DDG CVN DDG1000 LSD T-AKR Typical Simsmart™ IV&V Applications LHA • LPD17 - Machinery seawater cooling, firemain, ballast/de-ballast, air de-ballast hydraulics, chill water system, fuel fill and transfer, MOGAS, nitrogen inerting, ballast tank internals • DD21 Alliance (DD21/DDX/DDG1000 - HM&E and DC systems design V&V • CG47 Upgrade –AAW Warfare Commander Alt: Chilled water system, firemain, electrical generation and distribution • LHA 1 Class -Firemain flow network analyses & life cycle studies • BFTT - Battle Force Tactical Training System: Total Ship Training System • LSD41 Class -Seawater cooling system design & life cycle studies • CVN68 Class -Firemain, JP5 fuel handling system, collecting holding & transfer (CHT); System concept, trade-off studies and system operation • T-AKR Class -De-watering system troubleshooting, cargo storage area HVAC system troubleshooting • Navy Post Graduate School Ship Progressive Flooding Analysis • Non-oily waste membrane treatment -Concept design studies, design impacts & operator training • DDG51 – De-watering, Firemain … • Arsenal Ship R&D -Firemain, ballast/de-ballast • LHD8 and more … www.ITEinc.US

11. Physics Based Ship Engineering Design Analysis, V&V & HSI Tools Domain of Multi-discipline Real-time, Component, System and Total Ship Modeling For Concurrent Engineering Analysis, Verification, Performance Monitoring & HSI Domain of Single Discipline Component to System Design • Characteristics (Typical): • Models essentially custom built • Modeling SW does not come with Navy HM&E models • Usually non-real time • Usually single discipline: Electrical or Fluid or HVAC or Gas or … • Used for: sizing, transient / fault analysis, protective device settings … • Used for R&D, EDM development, Analysis • In general, do not interface to ship production CAD - CAM process (see notes) • Operating Doctrine / Human-in-Loop Performance Models • EOSS • EOCC • CSOSS • Human Task-Skill Actions: Time and Event based • HSI Support • Virtual Ship Model • Embedded Training • Manpower – Automation Analysis • Plant Performance Monitoring, Distance Support • Operational Decision Aids SIMSMART™ 2 meets ALL Multi-Discipline Requirements Real-Time, Multi-discipline, Cascading Effects of HM&E operations & damage Transition to Smart Product Model / Total Ship Model when Design Verified by Engineering Analysis, PE Certified & Defined in CPC Format Part Numbers for Acquisition Multi-Discipline Total Ship Model • NAVSEA CPC Based Libraries & Multi-discipline for Total Ship Modeling: • Electrical • Fluid • Gas • HVAC • Controls MATLAB™ SPICE™ Smart Product Model (CPC Based) (PBD - CAD By ship / class) EASY5™ Mentor Graphics™ RTDS™ VTB CPC Compliant Components ROSE™ SIMSMART™ 2 ACSL™ Saber™ EASYPOWER™ EDSA™ 1 Ship Design / Production & Lifecycle Support PSCAD™ FLOWMASTER™ Ship / Class 2D/3D CAD-Physics Dynamic V&V 1.EDSA is associated with CATIA for electrical design 2. SIMSMART supports systems engineering as well as total ship models using CPC parts with electronic data exchange with shipyard CAD-CAM systems. Modeling Domains should be Complementary throughout the Design & Life Cycle Support Process www.ITEinc.US

12. From NAVSEA highlights: “SIMSMART Inc. has successfully modeled 8 piping systems for Avondale. These models have revealed system deficiencies which may not have been noticed using traditional flow network calculations (spreadsheets). They have also made obvious several system enhancements that save money and production time while still meeting the requirements of the contract. For example, the chilled water model was used to show that a portion of the main had to be increased in size from 5 to 6 inches due to the unanticipated demand that developed in this area of the ship through the detail design process. Without this modeling capability it is entirely possible that this shortfall in the system may have gone unnoticed until such time where fitting the larger main into the overhead would have been impossible. This is just one example where this exceptional tool has more than paid for itself.” Daniel S. Van Voorhis US Navy - LPD 17 Machinery IPT Dated ~ Oct 2001 www.ITEinc.US

13. 3. CAD-Physics Development History: a. Integration Sponsors: * DDG-1000 * NSRP b. Design Applications c. HSI Applications www.ITEinc.US

14. Design Tools to Improve Efficiency of Program Management and Human Systems IntegrationRev 5 Compiled by ITE Inc 2007 www.ITEinc.US (print 11 x 17 or larger) Executive Summary 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 1999 2000 2001 2002 CNET : Task Force Excel http://www.uscg.mil/TCYORKTOWN/PTC/downloads/TFE.ppt 2005 – 2007 ANZAC Frigate Total Ship HME&DC Model Navy Training Requirements VADM Lee Gunn Report Revolution in Training w/ To build careers / use Multi-Level Metrics … CNO ADM Clark ordered Executive Review Navy Training (ERNT) CNET: 5 Vector Model / Career Training & Education from Ship Acquisition thru Ship Lifecycle NAVSESS $$ AC Unit Model for ICAS Virtual “Hot Plant” and OBT Premise: Use ship design tools to support ship design / program managers during all phases of design, trials and tests, permitting IV&V monitoring the designs and HSI objectives in progress, linked to corresponding CAD drawings. Physics – math models (basis of design), now “lost”, are captured for reuse for: Distance Support, Performance Monitoring, Readiness Assessment, Operational Decision Aids for DC and Engineering, and future ShipAlt planning. Also support advanced dynamic interactive training ashore and afloat, as well as to provide the underlying computations to teach students how and why systems work – prepare them for critical thinking, college work, etc. NAVSESS $$ HPAC Model for ICAS Virtual “Hot Plant” and OBT PMS 430 BFTT Observes SIMSMART™ Physics Ship Model at SNAME 430 Has BFTT CS SIM-STIM; Needs HM&E & DC SIM-STIM BTSWG Mtgs New NAVSEA VADM Balisle Re-org NAVSEA IWS-1E Rick Bragg. All new contracts. Staff change over. 1st Demo/Model delivered Notional CG SBIR Ph 2 Ends I/ITSEC 2001 International BFTT Demo Tactical & Eng, DC via WAN U.S. U.K.-Aus.-Netherlands. Model of notional “CG” DSR SBIR Contract Mod to add Simsmart HM&E-DC model SBIR Phase 2 BFTT CS / HM&E and DC Model demonstrated OAK added to SBIR DSR / Simsmart / OAK contracts end IWS-1E BFTT? Capt Shannon Joe Loudon First Real Time cascading casualties for damage and HM&E / repair tied to BFTT CS, using EOSS / EOCC / CSOSS I/ITSEC 2000, see DCAMS at BFTT booth, Recommend join SBIR Mar 2002:Directed Demo for VADM LaFleur & Staff @ SD CNSF VADM Tim LaFleur observes BFTT / Simsmart Demo @ SNA 2002 TSTC ICD Drafted … Effort stopped with NAVSEA Reorg. CoC CNSF RADM Terry Etnyre SNA 2002 Had tasked Staff in 2000 to Report status / requirements for CNSF training See CNSF PPT Jan 2002 2003 ASNE Tech Paper: “Achieve HSI through Design” 2004 I/TSEC Tech Paper “A Total Ship – Crew Model to Achieve HSI” Ship Models for Training from Ship Design Validation Tools @ SBIR 2002 CNSF: Can you provide CD for “A” School Sailors per ERNT? Yes. Draft DOP and ROI provided for CNSF HM&E dynamic design validation tools acquired by BIW & Ingalls for Modeling DD21 (DDX);by Avondale for PD17; by Ingalls for CG47 Mod; Gibbs & Cox, JJMA and NAVSEA etc. LHD-8 Modeling for SEA-05D . CSC NAVSEA National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP), Increase US - international Competitive Capability with an Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise (ASE) & Processes NSRP $$ to Simsmart to integrate with CATIA CAD for Dynamic Validation NSRP $$ to Simsmart to integrate with AutoCAD (Ship Constructor) for Dynamic Validation NSRP $$ to Simsmart to integrate with Intergraph CAD for Dynamic Validation 3/05 GAO Report 05-183: findings include … ship design incomplete before production causing cost over run & deficient systems. Also see INSURV MSG: PREINSURV Norfolk VA 181811Z July 05 LPD-17 Incomplete … LPD 17 is Navy’s First attempt at full digital design incorporating CAD and Physics Dynamic Validation, Selects SIMSMART™ via competition LPD17: 11 Vital Fluid systems validated with models for NAVSEA. HVAC & Electrical not validated • Ingalls FSO CG 47 Mod dynamic design Validation / Model: • Electrical Plant 13K Objects • Firemain 4K Objects • Chill Water 4K Objects LCS Ships (did not use dynamic design validation = no model) Ingalls sells idea to DD21 Alliance & Navy DD21 Program CATIA CAD + Simsmart Physics for Design Validation OAK e-DCAMS OAK DCTMS DCAMS NAVSEA O5L4 Program Objective Memorandum (POM) 5 years System of Record: Budget line DDG1000 Simsmart Physics to CATIA V5 Revs 15, 16, 17 … continues DD21 Dies DD(X) obtains CATIA- SIMSMART™ integration in Dec 04 for Dynamic Validation of Fluid and HVAC (Electrical TBD) DD(X) begins Raytheon Phase 4 of DD(X) BIW/ Ingalls Together = DD21 Alliance Both select Simsmart via Competition Katrina Flood Damage NGSS wins again, as Design Agent Engineers at Ingalls scope CAD & dynamic Design Validation using physics models Replace Dongle license plugs for SIMSMART™ DDX Dynamic Validation and Integration to Continue NGSS wins DDX Protest DDX Starts www.ITEinc.US

15. 4. Crafting a Design Environment to supportSECNAV / NAVSEA / CNET Objectives www.ITEinc.US

16. Design Continuum Overview Future Modernization Construction Detail Design Ship Operates Contract Design Preliminary Design Tests & Trials - Commissioning RDT&E - Conceptual Design Quarterly IV&V Performance Verification SD/PM’s IV&V Virtual Ship Model Continuous CAD = Does it “Fit”? Requirements Continuous PBD* = Does it “Work”? Ship Design / Program Manger’s IV&V Rolling Total Ship Performance Verification (Quarterly?) Question? When in the Ship Design Process should the electric plant “see” the H&M plant? Why not from day one? *PBD = Physics Based Design www.ITEinc.US

17. Integrated Ship Design Tools Spiral Design Tests & Trials Deliver HSI Lifecycle • T&Tusing the • PBD model • “Virtual • Ship” • Before & • During • Dock • Trials • All • Systems, • Separately • & • Together • Electrical • Fluid • Gas • HVAC • Controls • Spiral • Design • Process IV&V • Conceptual • Preliminary • Contract • DetailObjectives: • Program Control • Performance • Assessment • Automation • Reduced Crew • Survivability • Safety • Delivera Full ShipPBD Modelto supportTests &Trials • T&Tof the • “Actual • Ship” • Before & • During • Sea • Trials • All • Systems, • Separately • & • Together • Electrical • Fluid • Gas • HVAC • Controls • The Ship • Real-time • Validated • Dynamic • Model • of theShip • CADDrawings • Update allconfigurationpartnumbersto theERP – TDKMIPDEPrograms • Shore & Afloat Dynamic Eng / DC & Total Ship • Training(BFTT) • Real-timeReadinessAssessmentship systems(ICAS) • Engineering & • DC OperationalDecisionAids • DistanceSupport • Future Ship • Modernization Common Parts Integrated CAD = Design “FITS” PBD = Design ‘WORKS” • LEAPS • Smart Product Model • w/Multi-Discipline Models • Integrated w/ CAD Improve Efficiency of Program Management and Human Systems Integration Transformational Ship Design Process – Improve & Control Design – Support the Lifecycle ITE Inc. 1507A N Colonial Terrace, Arlington,. VA 22209 * jfamme@ITEinc.US * www.ITEinc.US View Companion Technical Paper @ http://www.businessdevelopmentusa.com/docs/HSISymTSDCJune2003.pdf www.ITEinc.US

18. Total Ship Model CAD & Physics by Deck Periodic Dynamic V&V Design Review Process HM&E Component and Systems Designers – P&IDs … CAD: It Fits Electrical Fluid Gas HVAC Controls DC LEAPS TeamCenter Environment Periodic Dynamic V&V Performance Reviews System and Total Ship Every Phase / Step of Design Smart Product Model Integrated CAD - Physics Shipbuilder Physics: It Works, in real-time NAVSEA Technical PEO Ships Will ship’s HM&E plant support ship & all missions / modules dynamically thru all scenarios? All Systems Work Together www.ITEinc.US

19. ANZAC TPTS Propulsion Systems www.ITEinc.US

20. Summary: Applications of Multi-Discipline Physics-based Design Tools • SECNAV – NAVSEA Shipbuilding Objectives: • Demonstrate dynamic “performance” during RDT&E and all design phases • System to total ship level • Demonstrate Mission and HSI Performance Requirements • Eliminate Risk • Reduce Costs • Model can be used as the specification • Model can be re-used for all HSI Lifecycle Support Applications • Mature tools: 19 year development to TLR-9 • 19 years Support to NAVSEA, Shipbuilders and Marine Engineering Companies • Numerous ship design programs (see slide) • Integration of CAD-Physics under NSRP - ASE Phase II: • CATIA, ShipConstructor, Intergraph • Demonstrated HSI Applications needed by CNET: • SBIR Total Ship Model for Training (BFTT CS with HME&DC model • real time cascading damage and recovery • Captures all physics models (basis of design) as well as the CAD • Currently Builder delivers only drawings, none of the “math” (intellectual property) • ASNE-SNAME technical papers 2003-4: continuous IV&V • Recommended all designs use continuous IV&V (Highlighted LCS program) • Resulting Validated Ship Model Supports the Full Ship Lifecycle • Training • Decision Aids • Modernization • Distance Support / SORTS www.ITEinc.US

21. Example of applying validated models: • BFTT embedded training system SBIR www.ITEinc.US

22. TRL-8 and 9 Applications Physics Based Design to Human Systems Integration • For NAVSEA and CNET: Shore & Afloat Dynamic Eng / DC & Total Ship Training, Accession to BFTT • Real-time Readiness Assessment of ship systems in support of ICAS • Engineering & DC Operational Decision Aids • Distance Support • Future Ship Modernization www.ITEinc.US

23. Imperative Requirement for Validated HM&E Models Summarize CNET Memo 1 Feb 07 Imperative Need for Electronic Classrooms & Transportable training media CDROMS for fleet Accession and Embedded Training The Navy cut instructors betting on low cost PC simulation [like they saw, in part, @ HM&E SS demos in 2001 – 2002 (next 4 slides)] But NAVSEA reorganized in 2003, VADM LaFleur the champion retired and the initiative died. Next few slides are what VADM LaFleur requested, saw and wanted …all of the necessary models would be a nearly “free” by product of a Navy ship design process based on continuous IV&V modeling for program management / managing the design www.ITEinc.US

24. PMS430 – BFTT - Total Ship Training & Operational Decision Aids Architecture Trainer Trainer Trainee Trainee BOPC Scenario Generation & Control Debrief Products Performance Monitoring, Training & Assessment DATA COLLECTION LAN STOW LAN USN & Coalition Combat Systems Training TPTS Platform Simulation IT21 SWAN & 2-Way Wireless LAN IT21 LAN / SWAN Two-way Central Control Station (CCS), Damage Control Central (DCC), Machinery Spaces, Repair Stations 2, 3, 5, 8, … PERCIEVED TRUTH MCS GROUND TRUTH Wearable Computers DCAMS Training Flags Ground Truth Perceived Truth Perceived Truth Ship Interior Communications www.ITEinc.US

25. TPTS Instructor Station (1) www.ITEinc.US

26. Total Ship Training (TST) Integrated Continuum BFTT TSTS Damage Control Engineering • Benefits: • Full Fidelity at-Sea Individual and Team Training • “Training more relevant and more motivating at sea” (SNA 2002) • Fills SWOS “Need for Engineering & Damage Control Training at Sea” (SNA 2002) • Based on Ship’s EOSS-EOP-EOCC-CSOSS • Supports CDROM-based Individual Self Paced Training • Supports SWOS / A-School Classroom Training Same Models “Scaled” Same HMI “Look & Feel” At Every Level of Training Validated HMEC&DC Ship Systems Dynamic Models Created During Ship Design or From Ship Design Data for Legacy Ships www.ITEinc.US

27. Application Across Training Continuum (Revolution in Training and Task Force Excel Concept) Performance and Debrief Products - Can be printed out or downloaded to floppy - Performance history, test scores, module completion status, etc. downloaded to floppy and imported into training database on arrival at ship Total Ship Training System • LAN Based Training • Uses same models as CD-ROM and Total Ship Training System • Updates training database • Provides performance and debrief products Enroute Training Initial Qualification Refresher Training • CD-ROM with Dynamic Engineering Models • Tailored to assigned ship • Actual system configurations • Actual EOSS, EOCC, EOP, CSOSS, etc. • Contains: • Computer Based Training Lessons • Cognitive Learning Principles Incorporated • Simulation Based Training Scenarios • Simulation Engine for interactive training Accession Training www.ITEinc.US

28. Meeting Six Star Requirements for Design, Performance & Training Legacy Ships and Future Ships • NAVSEA Design & HSI • Control Design, Performance Cost and Schedule • Reduce Incidents: Improve Training, Performance, Maintenance & Distance Support (See COMNAVSEA Guidance April 2007) • CNET / NAVPERS Manning & Training • Instructor manning in decline • Imperative need for low cost PC Based Accession, In Route & Embedded Training (See CNET Memo Feb 2007) Both Apps One Process TSDC Design & HSI Process ASNE Technical Paper, “Achieving Human Systems Integration through Design,” June 2003 I/ITSEC Technical Paper, “A Total Ship – Crew Model to Achieve Human Systems Integration,” December 2004 Available on ITE Website at www.ITEinc.US www.ITEinc.US

29. One Design-HSI Process Supports NAVSEA & CNET Requirements Legacy Ships and Future Ships • NAVSEA Design & HSI Achieves: • Improved Control of Design, Performance, Cost and Schedule; Tools to Reduce & Respond to Incidents: Training, Performance, Maintenance & Distance Support • CNET / NAVPERS Provided at little cost: • Validated Dynamic HME&DC models for Eng Plant Operator Course low cost PC-Based Accession, In Route & Embedded Training. Integrated Ship Design Tools Spiral Design Tests & Trials Deliver HSI Lifecycle • T&Tusing the • PBD model • “Virtual • Ship” • Before & • During • Dock • Trials • All • Systems, • Separately • & • Together • Electrical • Fluid • Gas • HVAC • Controls • Spiral • Design • Process IV&V • Conceptual • Preliminary • Contract • DetailObjectives: • Program Control • Performance • Assessment • Automation • Reduced Crew • Survivability • Safety • Delivera Full ShipPBD Modelto supportTests &Trials • T&Tof the • “Actual • Ship” • Before & • During • Sea • Trials • All • Systems, • Separately • & • Together • Electrical • Fluid • Gas • HVAC • Controls • The Ship • Real-time • Validated • Dynamic • Model • of theShip • CADDrawings • Update allconfigurationpartnumbersto theERP – TDKMIPDEPrograms • Shore & Afloat Dynamic Eng / DC & Total Ship • Training(BFTT) • Real-timeReadinessAssessmentship systems(ICAS) • Engineering & • DC OperationalDecisionAids • DistanceSupport • Future Ship • Modernization Common Parts Integrated CAD = Design “FITS” PBD = Design ‘WORKS” • LEAPS • Smart Product Model • w/Multi-Discipline Models • Integrated w/ CAD www.ITEinc.US

30. Support SECNAV/ NAVSEA / CNET Transformation & Sea Enterprise … Business Efficiency (Dynamic IV&V based Metrics) …… based on Visible, Integrated, Spiral Design ProcessesReduce risk and cost in shipbuildingSupport in Sea Enterprise savingsSupport HSI across all phases of the ship lifecycleCollect all Navy Intellectual Property not just drawings NAVSEA developed these tool sets over 8 yearsReturn on Investment has been shownTools are TLR 8 & 9Way Ahead? ITE Inc. 1507A N. Colonial Terrace Arlington, VA 22209 703-528-3711 References: ASNE Technical Paper, “Achieving Human Systems Integration through Design,” June 2003 I/ITSEC Technical Paper, “A Total Ship – Crew Model to Achieve Human Systems Integration,” December 2004 Available on ITE Website at www.ITEinc.US www.ITEinc.US

31. Mission Effectiveness by Developing & Re-Applying Validated Simulation Models • Operational, Threat & Damage Adaptive • Autonomic (M&S Based) Reconfiguration • Intelligent Agents • Autonomic Response • Integrated & Distributed Command Capabilities • Combat & Engineering Systems • Personal On-Move PDA Communications & Control • Electronic Navigation / M&S Based Decision Aids • Integrated Design • Doctrine • Ship Design • Automation Design • Simulation Based Total Ship-Crew Model • Validate Automation - Reduced Manning • Security • Access Points • Remote Monitoring • Embedded M&S Based Training / Decision Aids • Networked BG to Shore • Individual to Total Crew • Sailor accession training • Mission Readiness • Local & Network within ship & across Battle Force platforms • Combat Systems • Engineering Systems • Damage Control • Distant Support • EHM & CBM • Electronic Manuals • 3D Visualization • Crew Location / Monitoring Core Model & Simulation • Damage Control • Autonomic • Intelligent Agent SW • M&S Based Reconfiguration • Personal On-The Move Displays • Combat Systems • Engineering Systems • Damage Control • Electronic Manuals • 3D Visualization • Simulation Based Acquisition & Operation • Integrated CAD-Physics Smart Product Model through all design phases, with dock & sea trial model validation, reuse of the validated model that will run in parallel during operations, supporting decision aids, ship wide performance monitoring to support all functions on this slide and future Alts & modernization www.ITEinc.US

32. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Definitions www.ITEinc.US