Chapter II: Identifying Similarities And Differences

1. Chapter II: Identifying Similarities And Differences ShakiraOttun

2. Research & Theory (all w/ strongly supported research) • Guiding students towards similarities & differences • -Teacher-directed • -Be direct, which leads to discussion & further inquiry • Students independently identifying similarities & • differences • -Student-directed • -Seems contradicting to the first, but there is a time and place • for each. • -Helps with critical thinking • Representing similarities & differences graphically or • symbolically • -Graphic organizers • -Student making familiar connections

3. Research & Theory Continued… • Indentifying similarities & differences in many ways (highly needed) • -Comparison • -Classification • *categorizing • -Creating Metaphors • *abstract similarities between two elements • -Creating analogies • *identifying relationships between relationships

4. In the Classroom… Comparison • Teacher-directed Comparison Tasks • -Focus the students on the characteristics desired to be of awareness • Student-directed Comparison Tasks • -Give students room to input their prior knowledge • -Encourages innovative thinking habits • Graphic organizers • -Venn Diagram: visual representation of similarities & differences, two general ideas • -Comparison Matrix: more detail-oriented, better with lots of topics

5. In the Classroom… Classification • Teacher-directed Classification Tasks • -Given elements, given categories • Student-directed Classification Tasks • -Given elements, formed categories (vise-versa) • Graphic organizers for classifying • -Organizers that emphasize categories

6. In the Classroom… Metaphors • Examples • “Time is a thief…” • “You are the light of my life” • “She is a dog when she eats” • Teacher-directed metaphoric tasks • -Providing abstract idea as well as first element of metaphor • Student-directed metaphoric tasks • -Student familiar with a concept/relationship between one • metamorphic element and determining the second element is an • example • Graphic Organizers for Metaphors • -Visual representation of metaphor

7. In the Classroom… Analogies • Finding similarities between two dissimilar topics • -A to B is how C is to D • -Husband and wife is like Peanut butter and Jelly • Teacher-directed analogies • -Provided with a great deal of structure, given analogy and • student must explain connection • -Giving students part of the analogy and having them guess the • rest… “acute is to triangle as square is to ______ ?” • Student-directed analogies • -Giving students more flexibility with creativity, more explanation • Graphic Organizers for analogies • -Having students look at it in a different perspective, more visual