1 / 90

RAD TECH A WEEK 2 RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Spring 2009

RAD TECH A WEEK 2 RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Spring 2009. Radiographic Room. OBJECTIVES. IDENTIFY GENERIC COMPONENTS OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPTMENT DESCRIBE VARIOUS PLANES OF X-RAY TUBE AND TABLE MOVEMENT DISCUSS CONTRAST & DENSITY “ EXPOSURE FACTORS”. X-RAY TUBE.

rosadavis
Télécharger la présentation

RAD TECH A WEEK 2 RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Spring 2009

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. RAD TECH A WEEK 2 RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT Spring 2009

  2. Radiographic Room

  3. OBJECTIVES • IDENTIFY GENERIC COMPONENTS OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC EQUIPTMENT • DESCRIBE VARIOUS PLANES OF X-RAY TUBE AND TABLE MOVEMENT • DISCUSS CONTRAST & DENSITY “ EXPOSURE FACTORS”

  4. X-RAY TUBE • MADE OF PYREX GLASS TO WITHSTAND HIGH HEAT LOAD • IS GAS EVACUATED • (so electrons won’t collide with the air molecules in the tube)

  5. XRAY TUBE HOUSING • MADE OF LEAD AND STEEL • TO ABOSRB ANY STRAY RADIATION • TO PREVENT X-RAY PHOTONS TO LEAK FROM THE TUBE

  6. TUBE HOUSINGMADE OF LEAD & STEEL

  7. THE X-RAY TUBE • Glass encased in a sturdy lead and steel housing • Primary components ANODE (+) & CATHODE (-)

  8. \

  9. X-Ray Machine • Purpose: • provide a specific current (mA) & voltage (kV) to the x-ray tube • convert electrical energy to electromagnetic energy (x rays) in a controlled manner • control the energy of the x-ray photons • control the number of photons

  10. kVp & mAs

  11. Early X-ray Tube

  12. THE X-RAYTUBE • The X-Ray tube is the single most important component of the radiographic system. It is the part that produces the X-rays

  13. X-rays are produced when electrons strike a metal target. The electrons are released from the heated filament and accelerated by a high voltage towards the metal target. The X-rays are produced when the electrons collide with the atoms (electrons) of the metal target. How Are X-rays Made?

  14. X-ray PHOTONS • Electromagnetic waves • Shorter wavelength and higher energy than normal light. • Wave-particle duality • Photons can be described both as waves and particles.

  15. The Electromagnetic Spectrum • X-rays have wavelengths much shorter than visible light, but longer than high energy gamma rays MEASURED IN ANGSTROM 0.1 – 0.5 FOR X-RAYS

  16. PRODUCTION OF X RAYS Requirements: • a source of fast moving electrons • must be a sudden stop of the electrons’ motion • in stopping the electron motion, kinetic energy (KE) is converted to EMS energies • Infrared (heat), light & x-ray energies

  17. How “X-rays” are created • Power is sent to x-ray tube via cables • mA (milliamperage) is sent to filament on cathode side. • Filament heats up – electrons “boil off • Thermionic emission • Negative charge

  18. How “X-rays” are created • Positive voltage (kVp) is applied to ANODE • Negative electrons = attracted across the tube to the positive ANODE. • Electrons “slam into” anode – suddenly stopped. • X-RAY PHOTONS ARE CREATED

  19. How “X-rays” are created • Electron beam is focused from the cathode to the anode target by the focusing cup • Electrons interact with the electrons on the tungsten atoms of target material • PHOTONS sent through the window PORT – towards the patient

  20. How “X-rays” are createdSEE: MAN MADE RADIATION (PG.93) TO PRODUCE X-RAYS YOU NEED: • A SOURCE OF ELECTRONS • A FORCE TO MOVE THEM QUICKLY • SOMETHING TO STOP THEM SUDDENLY

  21. e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- X-ray Production target electrons anode • Electrons move at high speed (KE) • Collide with target on anode • KE of electrons converted to x rays & heat

  22. Focusing Cupfocuses stream of electrons

  23. HIGH VOLTAGE TO ANODE – ATTRACTS – ELECTRONS FROM CATHODE CURRENT TO STATOR CAUSES ROTATION OF ANODE

  24. Molybdenum or Graphite base Anodes - Target • Rotating Anodes • 2” to 5” disk (focal track) Cu W • Common target material is Tungsten

  25. X-ray Tube Anode • Tungsten anode disk • Stator and rotor make up the induction motor • Rotation speeds • Low: 3,000 – 3,600 rpm • High: 9,000 – 10,000 rpm • Molybdenum stem (poor heat conductor) connects rotor with anode to reduce heat transfer to rotor bearings • Focal track area (spreads heat out over larger area than stationary anode configuration)

  26. Rotating Anode

  27. TABLE OR UPRIGHT BUCKY TRAY

  28. The ‘BUCKY’ • The bucky is the device in the table or chest board that holds the film cassette. The ‘bucky’ is like a drawer that opens and closes to insert and remove the film cassette.

  29. Tables • Tilting rooms are designed for both diagnostic and fluoroscopic work • Tilting models usually tilt to 90 degrees in one direction and 15 – 30 degrees in the other direction • Tilting models include ancillary equipment; footboard, shoulder support, handgrips, compression bands

  30. Tube Supports • Designed to help technologists with various tube locations for creative imaging. • Tube suspension systems are available in 5 versions

  31. Tube Movement • Longitudinal • Transverse • Vertical • Angling or Rolling • Rotating • Telescoping

  32. Radiographic grid & bucky tray

  33. COLLIMATOR • ATTACHES DIRECTLY BELOW THE X-RAY TUBE • SERVES AS A X-RAY BEAM LIMITING DEVISE • CONTROLS THE SIZE AND SHAPE OF X-RAY FIELD

More Related