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Labor Migration in the GMS The World Bank Program

March 14, 2007. Labor Migration in the GMS The World Bank Program. Structure. Labor Migration in the GMS The World Bank Program. I. Labor Migration in the GMS: Migration Patterns. Source: International Migration in Thailand, ILO and Ministry of Labor, Thailand.

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Labor Migration in the GMS The World Bank Program

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  1. March 14, 2007 Labor Migration in the GMS The World Bank Program

  2. Structure • Labor Migration in the GMS • The World Bank Program

  3. I.Labor Migration in the GMS: Migration Patterns Source: International Migration in Thailand, ILO and Ministry of Labor, Thailand

  4. I. Labor Migration in the GMS: Featuresspecific to the GMS • Undocumented migration • Informal channelling of remittances • Internal displacement and refugees • Close link between domestic and cross-border migration

  5. II. The World Bank Program:Objectives • Improve knowledge on labor migration issues in the GMS with a focus on socio-economic impact on sending and receiving countries as part of GMS Working Group on Human Resource Development • Raise awareness of decision makers • Strengthen the capacity of governments and development partners

  6. II. The World Bank Program:Outputs • Literature review • New analysis: • 2000 Thailand Population Census • 2003 Thailand Agricultural Census • Kanchanaburi Demographic Surveillance System (IPSR) • New survey, Prey Veng, Cambodia 2006

  7. II. The World Bank Program:Issues • Demographics of migrants • Migration process • Living and working conditions of migrants • Evolution of policies and shaping factors • Impact of migration on migrants and families • Impacts of migration on sending and receiving countries

  8. II. The World Bank Program:Benefits of Migration Employment: • Migrants: Employment opportunity and higher income than in country of origin • Country of origin: Reduced unemployment • Receiving country (Thailand): Helps cover labor market gaps

  9. II. The World Bank Program:Benefits Continued Economic growth in receiving country: • Migrant workers contribute to economic growth in Thailand • Migration maintains/increases productivity in certain sectors in Thailand Poverty reduction in sending country: • Migration helps reduce poverty in household of origin through remittances (Lao, Cambodia, Vietnam)

  10. II. The World Bank Program:Costs of Migration • Risks faced by migrants in pre departure, during migration, at destination and upon return • Social impact on receiving communities • Effect on local wages in receiving communities

  11. II. The World Bank Program:Knowledge Gaps • Flows and impacts of remittances • Economic contribution of migrants • Impact on local wages and employment • Impact of migration on migrants’ earnings • Impact of migration on poverty and living standards of families back home

  12. II. The World Bank Program:Next steps • Fill the knowledge gaps highlighted – irregular migration in Thailand and impacts on local employment and wages • Improve data collection efforts to capture migrants in household surveys • Broaden analytical approach to more countries • Help integrate results in the development of policies

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