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Zebrafish in genome research

Zebrafish in genome research. Can you spot the difference?. What is a zebrafish?. Danio rerio Small freshwater fish from South Asia. 4 cm long when fully grown. Common aquarium fish. Very easy to look after. Image: Wikimedia commons/Marribio2. What is a model organism?.

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Zebrafish in genome research

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  1. Zebrafish in genome research Can you spot the difference?

  2. What is a zebrafish? • Danio rerio • Small freshwater fish from South Asia. • 4 cm long when fully grown. • Common aquarium fish. • Very easy to look after. Image: Wikimedia commons/Marribio2

  3. What is a model organism? • Non-human species widely studied to understand human disease. • Model organisms are used when experimentation using humans is unfeasible or unethical. • Can you think of a model organism?

  4. Types of model organism Images: Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

  5. Why use zebrafish? • Small size. • All major organs present within 5 days post fertilisation. • Short generation time (3-4 months). • Produces 300-400 eggs every 2 weeks. • Translucent embryos. • Lots of genome resources available. Image: TBC

  6. The zebrafish embryo brain ear muscle block segments swim bladder eye heart notochord ~3.5 mm

  7. Zebrafish and human disease • Zebrafish mutants have been produced to model human diseases such as: • Alzheimer's disease • congenital heart disease • polycystic kidney disease • Duchenne muscular dystrophy • malignant melanoma • leukaemia

  8. Forward screening for mutants P x F1 x F2 x F3

  9. Reverse screening for mutants Potential human disease gene Exciting gene expression pattern Gene of interest Potential new player in developmental pathway Gene knockout Phenotype analysis

  10. The activity • Identify differences between the wildtype zebrafish and mutant zebrafish. • A glossary is provided to help you with scientific terms. Image: Rodrigo Young, University College London

  11. Flash cards & worksheets

  12. Answers

  13. Image 1 What’s the difference? Embryo B has no eye. Image: Rodrigo Young, University College London

  14. Image 2 What’s the difference? Fish B is a lighter, golden colour compared to fish A. Image: Keith C. Cheng, Penn State College of Medicine and Wellcome images

  15. Image 3 What’s the difference? The body of fry B is curved. If you look closely you’ll also see that its mouth is open. This is because it is unable to fully close its mouth as its muscles are too weak. Image: Elisabeth Busch, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and Lehtokari et al 2008, European Journal of Human Genetics

  16. Image 4 What’s the difference? The zebrafish embryos in picture B look paler and are not stained red. Image: Ana Cvejic, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

  17. Image 5 What’s the difference? There are bright green blobs in picture B. Image: Elisabeth Busch, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

  18. Image 6 What’s the difference? Embryo A has more blue dots than embryo B. The blue dots are stained neutrophils moving towards a wound on the zebrafish fin. Image: Ana Cvejic, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

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