Social Studies 10 Lesson 3

1. Social Studies 10 Lesson 3 Treaty of Versailles

2. Do Now • Answer the following on a piece of paper: • Did drawing pictures of terms help you to remember them? Do you think it’s easier to learn vocabulary this way?

3. What do you know? • Look at your notecards • Read Pages 410-417 and look at your notes to make sure you understand the causes and events of World War I. • Use 10 of your vocabulary notecard words to write a brief summary about the causes of World War I and what happened during the war. • Make sure that when I read your answer, I understand that you know what each term means.

4. Share what you wrote with your group • Take 10 minutes to share what you wrote with your group members. • Decide who you think has the best summary to share with the class.

5. So now that we know how the war started and what happened…. • What happened AFTER the war?

6. Treaty • A treaty is a peace agreement. Have you ever gotten in a fight with someone? How did you make peace? How do you think countries make peace treaties after war? Do you think that after a peace agreement is made, both sides are completely happy? • Take 3-5 minutes to answer in your journals

7. Guiding Questions • What were the aims and motives of the victorious powers of WWI in drawing up the Treaty of Versailles? • Was the treaty fair to both sides?

8. Motives for the treaty: The Trauma of WWI • WWI caused a huge number of casualties: deaths or injuries

10. % of Casualties by country • Russia: sent 12,000,000 troops 76.3% were killed or hurt • France: sent 8.410,000 troops 76.3% were killed or hurt • Britain sent 8,904,467 troops 35.8% were killed or hurt • Germany sent 11,000,000 troops 64.9% were killed or hurt • The U.S. sent 4,355,000 troops 8.2 %were killed or hurt

11. What do you notice about the % of Russian and German casualties? • Russia: sent 12,000,000 troops 76.3% were killed or hurt - Germany sent 11,000,000 troops 64.9% were killed or hurt

12. Before and after in France • A hotel before:

13. And after….. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1130.jpg

14. Village Hall • Before…. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1140.jpg

15. And after….. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1141.jpg

16. Courthouse • Before…. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1143.jpg

17. After….. http://www.gwpda.org/photos/bin12/imag1144.jpg

18. Answer the following questions in your journal: • 1. How do you feel when you see these images? • 2. Why is it significant that major buildings like the courthouse, city hall, and hotels were destroyed • 3. How long do you think it would take to re-build these buildings and communities? • 4. How much do you think it would cost? • 5. Can a community EVER really recover from such destruction?

19. Based on what you have learned today… • How do you think France’s goals for treaties (peace agreements) might differ from U.S. goals? • What would France want from Germany, the country that destroyed so much of their land? • Would those desires be reasonable or fair?

20. U.S. perspective: • Why do you think the U.S. may have a more idealistic perspective on how to resolve things between countries after the war?

21. They didn’t lose as much! • No battles fought on US land • Not nearly as many casualties from the U.S.

22. VENN DIAGRAM U.S.A. France -Many soldiers hurt or killed in WWI -A lot of land and cities were destroyed -Wanted a very harsh punishment for Germany Part of the Allied Powers Went to peace talks at the Treaty of Versailles -Not very many soldiers hurt or killed in WWI -No battles fought on U.S. ground -Wanted “Peace without Victory” -Wanted to go “easy” on Germany Both

23. Drawing up the treaty • The leaders of Italy, France, Great Britain and Woodrow Wilson from the U.S. led talks to answer 2 questions • 1. How can weprevent future wars? • 2. and who should take responsibility for the damage of World War I?

24. I. The Big Four

25. The Big Four • The leaders of Italy, France, Great Britain, and the United States all met to talk about peace after World War I.

26. I. The Big Four • United States – Wilson 1.“Peace without victory”:no winner or loser – treat all countries fairly 2. 14 Points • A. fourteen ideas • B. plan to prevent future wars 3. “Stubborn” and Idealist no bargaining or negotiations (compromise) perfect vision of the future.

27. The 14 Points Here are just a few of Wilson’s points: • End secret deals between nations • Keep neutral ships safe at sea during war • European nations should all be treated fairly • Different nations should have the right to form their own nations. Self Determination. • Form the League of Nations: Organization of nations that worked for world peace and to stop wars before they started

28. I. The Big Four B. France – Clemenceau 1. Alsace-Loraine:province that Germany took in 1871- France wanted it back! 2. Harsh treatment of Germany

29. Answer in your journal: • Why do you think France wanted such a harsh punishment for Germany after World War I?

30. Why harsh treatment of Germany? 1. France was hurt a lot by the war – Western Front 2. Weak Germany won’t attack France in the future. = =

31. I. The Big Four C. Great Britain – Lloyd George 1. Moderate punishment of Germany • Moderate – middle, not extreme (reasonable) • Some punishment – Why? They didn’t have as many casualties (deaths or injuries and weren’t as hurt as France)

32. BUT Great Britain still wanted to protect the Empire • A. Larger empire on earth • B. Great Britain DIDN’T agree with self determination: the right of countries to form their own nation states. • WHY? Because then they would lose some land

33. I. The Big Four D. Italy – Orlando 1. Lands from Austria-Hungary – land and islands • Before WWI – Triple Alliance • Switch sides after WWI starts 2. Left Conference in anger 3. Get little at final treaty

34. Resolutions? • Compromise for Wilson http://finickypenguin.files.wordpress.com/2008/02/compromise.jpg

35. NOT all nations agreed with the 14 Points. • The most important point for Wilson was setting up the League of Nations. • SO he was willing to agree to harsher punishment for Germany than he would have liked. http://knowledgenews.net/moxie/moxiepix/a1907.jpg

36. The League of Nations • Group of countries to prevent future wars • Americans didn’t want to join even thought Wilson was the one who wanted it!

37. WHY? • Americans didn’t want to get involved in Europe’s problems. • No USA • Yes to Germany

38. The Treaty of Versailles • The bad side of compromise • Compromise – decision after bargaining • No one is happy

39. Self-Determination • Definition: right of different nationalities to form their own nation states instead of being easily taken over by other countries • In Europe ONLY…British empire is safe. • New countries in Eastern Europe

40. What happened to Germany? • 1. Lost all African and Asian Colonies

41. Army cut down to 100,000 http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51APZ0CP4KL._SL500_AA240_.jpg

42. Weapons Reduction • ONLY Germany • 100,000 soldiers • No navy • No air force

43. No more building submarines! http://farm1.static.flickr.com/15/21349370_929360c6d6.jpg?v=0

44. Return land to France • And create buffer zone: area where Germany was never allowed to put soldiers. • In France this land was the Rhineland.

45. Very Harsh (or mean) to Germany: • Germany had to take FULL BLAME for starting the War. • anti-historical • Germany hated this!!! http://i5.photobucket.com/albums/y164/wteach/demotivational/blame.jpg

46. Reparations • money paid by losers to winner of a war • 37 billion USD (around 1 trillion USD) • hurt German economy

47. Germans couldn’t afford to pay http://www.clipartheaven.com/clipart/money/empty_pockets.gif

48. Answer the following in your journal • How do you think Germany felt after World War I?

49. What happened to Europe? • World War I changed Europe a lot. • 1. Germany and Austria-Hungary lost a lot of land • 2. And Russia also lost a lot of land • - 5 new countries were created with the land that Russia!

50. Ottoman Empire http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottoman-empire-1580.gif