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MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS

MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS. SUMERIANS. FOUND IN THE REGION OF MESOPOTAMIA RULED FROM 3500-1900 b.c . BEGAN CULTIVATED AGRICULTURE WRITING —WEDGE SHAPES ON CLAY. CUNEIFORM. BABYLON. LOCATED IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT FROM 1900 B.C. TO 500 B.C. SERIES OF EMPIRES

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MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS

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  1. MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATIONS

  2. SUMERIANS • FOUND IN THE REGION OF MESOPOTAMIA • RULED FROM 3500-1900 b.c. • BEGAN CULTIVATED AGRICULTURE • WRITING —WEDGE SHAPES ON CLAY CUNEIFORM

  3. BABYLON • LOCATED IN THE FERTILE CRESCENT • FROM 1900 B.C. TO 500 B.C. • SERIES OF EMPIRES • FAMOUS RULER--HAMMURABI CODE OF HAMMURABI

  4. CODE OF HAMMURABI • the code was not applied equally • BASED ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF AN EYE FOR AN EYE • if a man has stolen a child, he shall be put to death • If a man has committed highway robbery and has been caught, that man shall be put to death • if a son has struck his father, his hands shall be cut off • if a man has knocked out the eye of a patrician, his eye shall be knocked out • if he has broken the limb of a patrician, his limb shall be broken

  5. if a man has knocked out the eye of a plebeian or has broken the limb of a plebeian, he shall pay one mina of silver (about $100) • if he has knocked out the eye of a patrician’s servant, or broken the limb of a patrician’s servant, he shall pay half his value • if a patrician has knocked out the tooth of a man that is his equal, his tooth shall be knocked out • if he has knocked out the tooth of a plebeian, he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver (about $33) • Why were their laws so strict on punishment • this code covered all aspects of society, from crime, to farming, to regulation of prices and wages

  6. CHALDEANS • 7TH CENTURY B.C. • KING NEBUCHADNEZZAR • STUDIED ASTRONOMY • 7-DAY WEEK CALENDER • PREDICTED ECLIPSES • 7 WONDERS OF ANCIENT WORLD • HANGING GARDENS

  7. PHOENICIANS • 16TH CENTURY B.C. TO 6TH CENTURY B.C. • WESTERN BORDER OF FERTILE CRESCENT • SEAFARERS • MAY HAVE SAILED TO THE AMERICAS • CREATED AN ALPHABET BASED ON SOUNDS • OUR LANGUAGE IS BASED ON THIS

  8. EGYPTIANS • ESTABLISHED AROUND NILE RIVER • FIRST SETTLERS AROUND 5000 B.C. • RULED BY PHARAOHS • CONSIDERED GODS • MARRIED WITHIN FAMILY • BUILD PYRAMIDS TO HOUSE BODY OF PHARAOH • MUMMIFIED BODY—WHY? • HOUSE SPIRIT OF PHARAOH • ROMANS OVERTHREW THEM AROUND 300 B.C.

  9. ROMANS • EXPIRE STRETCHED FROM THE BRITISH ISLES TO AFRICA AND ASIA • ARRIVED IN REGION DURING 4TH CENTURY B.C.

  10. THE DIASPORA MASADA—74 A.D. SCATTERING OF THE JEWS

  11. MUSLEMS • CONSTANTINOPLE • EXPANDED QUICKLY BECAUSE QURAN FORBID KILLING OF OTHER MUSLEMS • TURKS ARRIVE IN ANATOLIA IN 11TH CENTURY • SELJUK TURKS BEGAN THE CRUSADES IN 11TH CENTURY A.D. • OTTOMAN TURKS RULED UNTIL WORLD WAR I • AFTER WORLD WAR I FRANCE, BRITAIN, AND ITALY CONTROLLED THE REGION

  12. BIRTH OF RELIGION • 3 GREAT RELIGIONS HAD THEIR BIRTH IN THE MIDDLE EAST • JUDAISM • FOUNDER—ABRAHAM • PROPHET—MOSES • LED ISRAELITES OUT OF EGYPT • RECEIVED 10 COMMANDENTS ON MT. SINAI • TURNED AGAINST JESUS –WHY? • CHRISTIANITY • FOUNDER—JESUS CHRIST • CRUCIFIED BY THE ROMANS • GREAT MISSIONARY—SAUL • ISLAM • WATCH VIDEO

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