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Canadian Food Inspection Agency

Canadian Food Inspection Agency. serving Public Health. Denis Allard MD MSc FRCPC Senior Medical Advisor Science Branch, CFIA. Objectives of this Presentation. Familiarise you with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and some of its activities related to Public Health

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Canadian Food Inspection Agency

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  1. Canadian Food Inspection Agency serving Public Health Denis Allard MD MSc FRCPC Senior Medical Advisor Science Branch, CFIA

  2. Objectives of this Presentation • Familiarise you with the • Canadian Food Inspection Agency and • some of its activities related to Public Health • 2. Highlight some current and • emerging challenges • 3. Discuss partnership and • collaboration with • Public Health community

  3. Our Organisation

  4. CFIA established 1997 to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of federal inspection and related services for food safety, and for animal/plant health Integration inspection activities of HC, AAFC, DFO, IC

  5. CFIA REGIONAL OFFICES & LABORATORIES 5,500 employees 18 regional offices 21 laboratories 185 field offices on > 400 third party premises

  6. CFIA’s 3 business lines • Safe food & consumer protection • Animal health • Plant protection

  7. Enabling Legislation Canada Agricultural Products Act Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act Consumer Packaging and Labelling Act Penalties Act Food and Drugs Act Fish Inspection Act Health of Animals Act Meat Inspection Act Fertilizers Act Feeds Act

  8. Federally … Safe Food is a shared responsibility • CFIA • Health Canada • Public Health Agency of Canada • Fisheries and Oceans • Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada • Environment Canada

  9. CFIA Food Continuum IMPORTS/EXPORTS Agricultural Inputs Distribution Consumption Production Processing DOMESTIC from farm  to plate

  10. Food Continuum

  11. Food Safety • Emergency Response (FIORP) • Food Recalls, Food Safety Investigations • Import and Domestic Inspection • Nutrition Labeling Verification • Monitoring and Surveillance of Food Supply (Testing, HACCP, GMPs, GIPs) • Contributing to International Food Safety Standard Setting

  12. Food Safety Directorate • BFSCP • Food Safety Investigation (prevention/correction) • Fair Labelling Practices • OFSR • Food Emergency Response/Recall (reactive) • Input in FB Illness investigation (HC/PH) • HACCP support • FSEP/MPIP/F-QMP/CSSP/OFFSRP • Food Safety Risk Analysis (input to/from HC)

  13. How the System Works Surveillance Outbreak Food Source Food Vehicle Targeted Inspection Product Recall Lessons Learned Corrective Actions

  14. CFIA Food Safety Investigation Data • Data capture • CFIA’s Issues Management System (IMS) • 4,000/yr food safety investigations • Triggers • complaints, laboratory results, Gov’t depts. referrals, in-plant observations, etc. • Implementation of various compliance / enforcement options at CFIA’s disposal

  15. Proposed Foodborne OutbreakInvestigation Report Template (CFIA) Cause  Effect

  16. Food Recalls • Class 1 • serious health consequences or death • Class 2 • temporary health consequences • Class 3 • unlikely health consequences (* in all cases, food products violate one or more Acts enforced by CFIA)

  17. Food Recalls by Type (mean of 2000-03) Average yearly food recalls – Class 1 206 Average yearly food recalls – All classes 408

  18. Food Recallsby Class (2003-04)

  19. Food Recallsby Trigger (2003-04)

  20. Food Recallsby Type (2003-04)

  21. Allergens Recalls by Foodstuff (2003-04) 3 12 4 8 Hazelnut Wheat Egg 4 Tree Nut Gluten 12 Sulphites 21 Milk 10 Soy 2 10 Other 19 Sesame Seeds Peanut April 29, 2004 TOTAL: 105

  22. Microbiological Incidents & Recalls (2003-04) Undetermined 3 Total Incidents: 41 Total Recalls: 55 3 Quality Molds 7 7 Salmonella 5 14 S. aureus 3 3 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3 Pathogenic - Other 2 2 Listeria 6 6 E. coli 0157:H7 2 3 E. coli 3 3 C. botulinum 2 4 Other 1 1 Container Integrity - Low Acid 6 6 0 5 10 15 April 29, 2004

  23. Chemical Incidents & Recalls (2003-04) 6 Trace Elements 6 24 Toxin 26 11 Residues 14 Incidents: 86 Recalls: 96 10 Other 11 18 Heavy Metals 19 10 Drug Residues 11 7 Additives 9 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 April 29, 2004

  24. Public Warnings • Issued for most Class I recalls • May be issued for other classes • Reserved for those situations deemed to be of higher risk to consumers • examples: undeclared allergens, botulism risk, Salmonella, E.coli 0157, pieces of glass in baby food * Web-site posting and e-mail distribution list

  25. Consumer Education and Public Awareness Programs

  26. - Animal Health - Public Health related activities • control and eradication of • traditional zoonotic diseases(TB, brucella, rabies) • new and emerging diseases(WNV; AI … SARS?) • therapeutant residue • mitigating/monitoring (A-M, H, …) • policy/management of • animal health issues (within federal mandate) • recycling of agricultural byproducts through • feed and fertilizers into the food chain • environmental concerns (disposal, …)

  27. - Animal Health -Prevention of Foreign Animal Diseases • Surveillance • passive(producers, priv.vets, F/P labs, vet. colleges, PH) • active(sentinel systems, pro-active testing) • Reporting of Notifiable Animal Diseases • International (OIE, PROMED AHEAD) • Domestic (Health of Animals Act) • Risk Analysis (importation) • Import Controls • On-Farm Biosecurity(& traceability) * Can. Health of Animals Network http://www.cahnet.org/

  28. Surveillance - Reportable DiseasesSchedule II - Health of Animals Act 1. African horse sickness 2. African swine fever 3. Anaplasmosis 4. Anthrax 5. Bluetongue 6. BSE 7. Bovine Tb (M. bovis) 8. Brucellosis 9. Chronic Wasting Disease 10. Contagious bovine pl-pneumonia 11. Contagious equine metritis 12. Cysticercosis 13. Equine Infectious Anemia 14. Equine piroplasmosis 15. Foot and Mouth Disease 16. Fowl typhoid (S gallinarum) 17.H P Avian influenza 18. Classical swine fever 19. Lumpy skin disease 20. Newcastle Disease 21. Peste des petits ruminants 22. Pseudorabies 23. Pullorum disease (S. pullorum) 24. Rabies 25. Rift valley fever 26. Rinderpest 27. Scrapie 28. Sheep and goat pox 29. Swine vesicular disease 30. Trichinellosis 31. Venezuelan equine encephalitis 32. Vesicular stomatitis

  29. Emerging Zoonotic Diseases(non-foodborne) • Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers(1960s ) • Lyme Disease (~1975) • AIDS/HIV (1978) • Hanta (1993) • Hendra (1994) • TSEs (1996) • Nipah (1999) • West Nile (1937/1950s/1999) • Avian Influenza (1997/2004) • Monkeypox (1970 …2003) • SARS/Coronavirus (2003) • Bio-terrorism (Anthrax …)

  30. Role of Animals(Livestock, Pets, Wildlife) • Reservoirs • Amplifier Host • Link Host • Incidental Host • Shedder • Sentinel

  31. Avian Influenza Outbreak BC Coast – 2004

  32. Animal Epidemiology Unit • Monitor changes in infectious/toxic agents • Define a problem/Detect outbreaks • Estimate magnitude of the problem • Determine geographic distribution of illness • Generate hypotheses • Stimulate research • Describe the natural history of a disease • Evaluate effectiveness of control measures • Detect effect of changes in practices • Facilitate planning/risk-based priority-setting

  33. May Laboratory Confirmation 13 1 9 HPAI 2004 1 1 Port Coquitlam 1 2 6 2 1 1 3 1 2 Surrey Total 42 11 Abbotsford Commercial - Isolation Positive Backyard Commercial - Matrix Positive Surveillance Activities

  34. AI Control Area – Hot Spots

  35. Avian Influenza in BCEpidemiologic Investigation Routes of virus transmission? • Tools • veterinary visit & questionnaire • follow-up on movements of risk products (eggs, …) • Transmission routes investigated … • waterborne (ground and surface water) • feed • hatcheries • wild birds • CFIA crews • litter • aerosol dispersion • service providers (owners, workers, equipment …)

  36. Some Disease Control Strategies Used in Animal Disease Outbreak • Destruction (‘stamping-out’) • CO2, electrocution, others • ensure ‘humane’ culling • Movement control /Quarantine • Disposal • landfill, incineration, composting, rendering • easier to arrange once emergency powers invoked • Cleaning & Disinfection • ◦ manure, structure

  37. Human Health Protection OSH considerations • Health screening (suitability) • Information/Training • Protective clothing • Personal Hygiene • Health surveillance / reporting / ff-up • Prophylactic meds / vaccination PH considerations • Exposure / bio-security issues • Health surveillance / CD control

  38. Need for increasing collaborationbetweenCFIA and its partners

  39. Increasing Challenges for CFIA • global distribution (food, livestock, pets, feed, seeds) • intensive farming /new technologies • changes in consumption and eating patterns • consumer expectations/practices • effects of global warming (insect vectors; ecology) • speed and scope of international travel • increasing susceptibility of large segments of the • population (e.g. compromised immunity; allergies) • public demand for transparency and involvement

  40. 1900 Botulism toxin Brucella Vibrio cholera Hepatitis A Staph toxin M. tuberculosis S. typhoid 1970s  Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella Enteritidis Shiga-toxigenic E. coli Listeria monocytogenes Clostridium botulinum (infant) Vibrio parahemolytici/vulnificus Yersinia enterocolitica Giardia lamblia Toxoplasma gondii Cryptosporidium parvum Cyclospora cayetanensis Hepatitis E Noroviruses BSE prion … Emergence of Foodborne Pathogens Increasing food vehicles: ground beef, poultry, shellfish, veggies (sprouts, salads), fruits (cantaloup, berries, juice), dairy (ice cream), imports (halva, chocolates), irrigation water

  41. Agent Microbial adaptation & change Host(human) Demographics Susceptibility to infection, Famine Behaviour (hygiene, outdoors, pets, …) Environment Physical climate and weather changing eco-systems (vectors) land use /encroachment Socio-economic economic development intensive farming/husbandry international travel & trade breakdown in PH measures poverty & social inequality war and bioterrorism Political lack of will disruption in leadership Factors in Emergenceof Zoonoses

  42. Threat of bio-terrorism Our world changed forever on September 11, 2001

  43. When new foodborne disease identified • What is the nature of the disease? • What is the nature of the pathogen? • Simple ways to easily identify the pathogen and diagnose the disease? • What is the incidence of the infection? • How can the disease be treated? • Which foods transmit the infection? • How pathogen gets into the food, and how well it persists there? • Is there an animal reservoir? • How do the animals themselves become infected? • How can the disease be prevented? • Does the prevention strategy work? Tauxe R., Emerging Foodborne Diseases: An Evolving PH Challenge, CDC 1997

  44. Guidelines for Research on Zoonoses • Identify the source of infection, to determine whether it is from wildlife, domestic or peri-domestic animals, or from multiple sources; • Establish the mode of transmission, to determine whether it is by direct contact, vectorborne, environmental contamination, or a combination of modes; • Identify potential host species and the natural reservoirs of the zoonotic pathogen, possibly with molecular and/or epidemiological methods; • Conduct preliminary surveys of target species and follow-up, when indicated, with long-term ecological and epidemiological studies of identified reservoir species in the wild and/or in an experimental setting where appropriate. from Report on WHO/FAO/OIE consultation May 2004

  45. Scientific Collaboration • Ecology • Economics • Entomology • Epidemiology • Biostatistics • Environmental Health • Occupational Medicine • Pathology (human & animal) • Behavioural Science (human & animal) • Clinical Medicine (Human and Vet.) • Public Health practice (Human and Vet.) • Regulatory, Wildlife, & Agricultural Sciences

  46. CFIA Partnerships • Other federal depts (HC/PHAC, AAFC, DFO, EC) • Provincial gov’ts(Health, Agric., Fish., NR, Env) • Int’nal Orgs (WHO, FAO, OIE), and other countries • Food industry (production and processing) • Food retail and food service sectors • Trade associations • Med/Vet practitioners and professional ass’ns • Academia • School system • Mass media • Consumer associations and consumers • *Counter-terrorism aspects (RCMP, CSIS, PSEP)

  47. Opportunities for Collaborationbetween CFIA and PH Communityon Foodborne Illness and Zoonosis • Data exchange/integration • Expertise exchange • Enforcement • Industry education/training • OSH considerations • Public information • Joint training (e.g. epi) • Research (e.g. strains, spread) Human/Animal Interface

  48. CFIA’s Senior Medical Advisor * Advice/Assistance in • Canada-wide surveillance systems • Inter-departmental/jurisdiction information exchange • Issues/Risk management * Areas of involvement … • Food safety, foodborne infections, zoonoses • Strategies to address Risk communication/perception • Standards, regulations, legislation, agreements The Plague Doctor * Liaison with • Health Canada (esp.FD) and PH Agency of Canada • Provincial/Regional Public Health officials • Health professionals (PH and clinical) • other national and international bodies (US, EU, WHO) • Consumer groups

  49. Questions/Comments?

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