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Neurulation in the chick, after the node regresses

Neurulation in the chick, after the node regresses. Typical vertebrate organization of the chick embryo (and >200 selector gene domains). “ Somatic mesoderm ”. “ Visceral mesoderm ”. Notochord. **Or wait until the embryo lifts off the yolk sac. Extra-embryonic membranes of the chick.

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Neurulation in the chick, after the node regresses

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  1. Neurulation in the chick, after the node regresses

  2. Typical vertebrate organization of the chick embryo(and >200 selector gene domains) “Somatic mesoderm” “Visceral mesoderm” Notochord **Or wait until the embryo lifts off the yolk sac

  3. Extra-embryonic membranes of the chick

  4. Amnion and chorion: contain ectoderm and somatic mesodermYolk sac and allantois: contain enododerm and visceral mesoderm

  5. Chick development: Formation of the allantois

  6. Human or mouse embryo: pre-implantation stages gene expressionstarts 2 2. Blastocyst cavity formation 3. Cell sorting (hypo vs. epi) 1. compaction 4. hatching 128 cell Day 7-human Day 5.5-mouse

  7. Mouse pre-implantation stages: compaction, apical-basal polarization, cleavage, blastocyst cavity formation 128-cell blastocyst compaction 128-cell blastocyst Compaction at the late 8-cell stage, With apical-basal polarization of cells

  8. Oct4 gene expression in epiblast Human 128cell blastocyst before/during hatching “zona” Holding pipet Injection pipet Injection of ES cells into the blastocyst cavity Mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells) from the inner cell mass, growing in a culture dish

  9. Mouse transgenesis (insertion of a foreign gene into the mouse genome) Dr. Mario Capecchi-1984 Univ. of Utah (random) (e.g., GFP with promoter) FOSTERMOTHER non-homologous integration (2x) Green ES cells Gene for red fluorescent protein (RFP) Gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish

  10. Implantation of the human blastocyst in the uterine wall. Mouse implantation is also invasive, like human Syncytio- trophoblast Maternal tissue Uterine fluid

  11. Role of the AVE (anterior visceral endoderm) in establishing the anterior-posterior axis of the mouse embryo Day 5.25 Day 5.5 Day 6.25 Cylindrical Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Otx2 Anterior neural ectoderm A P Nodal, Vg1, Cripto (co-receptor For Nodal and Vg1) Endo-mesoderm induction or hypoblast Epiblast ectoderm Cerberus (anti-Nodal) Dkk (anti-Wnt) Lefty (anti-Nodal) Endo-mesoderm induction, Primitive streak Nodal, wnt, brachyury, fgf expressed

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