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Severe Wind-Driven Hail Events: Dependence on Convective Morphology and Larger-Scale Environment

Severe Wind-Driven Hail Events: Dependence on Convective Morphology and Larger-Scale Environment. Nicholas Carletta Mentors: William Gallus, Michael Fowle , and Daniel Miller. Outline. Hypothesis What is Wind-Driven Hail? Methodology Morphologies in Wind-Driven Hail Cases

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Severe Wind-Driven Hail Events: Dependence on Convective Morphology and Larger-Scale Environment

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  1. Severe Wind-Driven Hail Events: Dependence on Convective Morphology and Larger-Scale Environment Nicholas Carletta Mentors: William Gallus, Michael Fowle, and Daniel Miller

  2. Outline • Hypothesis • What is Wind-Driven Hail? • Methodology • Morphologies in Wind-Driven Hail Cases • Comparisons of Environmental Parameters • Conclusions

  3. Hypothesis • Wind-driven hail events occurred most frequently with certain storm morphology and these storms had high values of CAPE and SRH, as expected of a high end severe event like wind-driven hail.

  4. What is Wind-Driven Hail? • An event where severe hail greater than 1 inch in diameter occurs simultaneously with severe wind in excess of 50 knots/ 58 mph Credit for picture: Karl Jungbluth

  5. Examples Severe wind damage Severe wind-driven hail damage Credit for pictures: Michael Fowle

  6. Eldora 8/9/09 Event • 103 mph wind and 3 inch hail reported • Crop Damage $175 million+ Picture and information from Karl Jungbluth NWS-Des Moines

  7. From Otho, Iowa near Fort Dodge during 8/9/09 event Credit for pictures: Michael Fowle

  8. Damage from Eldora, IA Credit for picture: Karl Jungbluth

  9. Credit for picture: Karl Jungbluth

  10. Methodology • Severe wind reports and hail reports >1 inch that occur within 5 miles of each other no more than 30 minutes apart obtained from the National Climatic Data Center’s Storm Data • 69 cases in 2002 and 69 cases in 2007 • Morphologies assigned from Duda and Gallus (2010) and Gallus et al (2008) data

  11. Picture from William Gallus

  12. Methodology continued • Supercell data from Gallus and Duda (2010) • Categories from strength of event • 30 Wind-only, 30 hail-only, and 14 known base cases to compare • Archived 00 hour RUC data analyzed with GEMPAK for CAPE and SRH

  13. Results: Comparing Years Wind-driven Hail from 2002 Wind-driven Hail from 2007

  14. Comparing CAPE and SRH between the 2007 and 2002 Seasons

  15. Comparing Parameters between Morphologies

  16. Comparing Parameters between Morphologies continued

  17. Comparing Based on Hail Size and Wind Speed

  18. Comparing Supercell Events to Non-Supercell Events

  19. Morphology Conclusions • The NS, TS, IC, and CC morphologies over the two years were the most frequent • The CC, IC, and NL morphologies were the most frequent morphologies higher categories

  20. Parameters Conclusions • 0-3 km SRH was significantly smaller for the wind-driven hail events than in the wind-only and known events • Higher CAPE is present in supercells during wind-driven hail events • Events with larger hail and higher winds had higher CAPE values than events with smaller hail and lower wind speeds

  21. Possible Future Work • Expand to additional seasons • More environmental parameters

  22. Acknowledgements • William Gallus • Michael Fowle • Daniel Miller • Karl Jungbluth

  23. References Das, P., 1962: Influence of the wind shear on the growth of hail. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 407–414. Donavon, R. A. and K. A. Jungbluth (2007). "Evaluation of a Technique for Radar Identification of Large Hail across the Upper Midwest and Central Plains of the United States." Wea. Forecasting22, 244-254. Duda, J. D. and W. A. Gallus (2010). "Spring and Summer Midwestern Severe Weather Reports in Supercells Compared to Other Morphologies." Wea. Forecasting 25, 190-206. Gallus, W. A., Jr., E. V. Johnson, and N. Snook, 2008: Spring and summer severe weather reports over the Midwest as a function of convective mode: A preliminary study. Wea. Forecasting, 23, 101-113. Lemon, and S. Parker, 1996: The Lahoma deep convergence zone: its characteristics, and role in storm dynamics and severity. Preprints, 18th Conf. on Severe Local Storms, Boston, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 70-75. Morgan Jr., G. M. and N. G. Towery, 1976: On the role of strong winds in damage to crops by hail and its estimation with a simple instrument. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 891–898. Nelson, S. P., 1983: The influence of storm flow structure on hail growth. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1965–1983. Rasmussen, E. N., and D. O. Blanchard, 1998: A baseline climatology of sounding-derived supercell and tornado forecast parameters. Wea. Forecasting, 13, 1148-1164.

  24. Questions?

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