Identifying

1. Identifying John V. Balanquit

2. Objectives Student will be able to : • Discuss the concept of identifying • Summarize the identifying process • Distinguish the elements of financial statements and the accounts related to each element

3. Objectives Student will be able to : • Summarize the normal balance concept and the concept of debit and credit • Relate elements and accounts with their normal balance

4. Definition of Identifying It is the process of determining accountable events from among various business transactions entered into by an entity

5. Definition of Accountable Events They are business transactions that affect any element of the financial statements.

6. Financial Statement Elements Assets • An asset is a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity.

7. Financial Statement Elements Liabilities • A liability is a present obligation of the entity arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits.

8. Financial Statement Elements Equity • Equity is the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities.

9. Financial Statement Elements Income • Income is increases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases of liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from equity participants.

10. Financial Statement Elements • Revenue • Revenue arises in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity and is referred to by a variety of different names including sales, fees, interest, dividends, royalties and rent.

11. Financial Statement Elements • Gain • Gains represent other items that meet the definition of income and may, or may not, arise in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity.

12. Financial Statement Elements Expense • Expenses are decreases in economic benefits during the accounting period in the form of outflows or depletions of assets or incurrences of liabilities that result in decreases in equity, other than those relating to distributions to equity participants.

13. Financial Statement Elements • Expense • Expenses that arise in the course of the ordinary activities of the entity include, for example, cost of sales, wages and depreciation.

14. Financial Statement Elements • Losses • Losses represent other items that meet the definition of expenses and may, or may not, arise in the course of the ordinary activities of the entity.

15. Let’s have a one minute break so that we can absorb the concepts of the previous topic.

16. The Debit and The Credit DEBIT • The left side of an account • Value received CREDIT • The right side of an account • Value parted with

17. The Normal Balance Each element or account has a debit side and a credit side. The normal balance is the side of an element of account, whether Debit of Credit, where it increases.

18. The Normal Balance DEBIT • Asset • Withdrawal • Expense CREDIT • Liability • Capital • Income WHY?

19. The Normal Balance If A = L + C – W + I – Ex, then: A + W + Ex = L + C + I

20. The Normal Balance Therefore, increases in assets, withdrawal and expenses are recorded in the debit side while increases in the liability, capital and income are recorded in the credit side.

21. Let’s have a one minute break so that we can absorb the concepts of the previous topic.

22. The Account Titles Assets • Cash • Accounts Receivable • Accrued Income • Notes Receivable • Supplies

23. The Account Titles Assets • Prepaid Expenses • Land • Building • Machinery and Equipment • Furniture and Fixtures

24. The Account Titles Liabilities • Accounts Payable • Notes Payable • Unearned Income • Accrued Expense

25. The Account Titles Liabilities • Loans Payable • Mortgage Payable

26. The Account Titles Equity • X, Capital • X, Withdrawal • Service Income • Professional Fees • Rent Income

27. The Account Titles Equity • Interest Income • Salaries Expense • Utilities Expense • Depreciation Expense • Rent Expense

28. The Account Titles Equity • Advertising Expense • Supplies Expense • Bad Debts Expense • Interest Expense

29. Let’s have a one minute break so that we can absorb the concepts of the previous topic.

30. Identifying Process • Determine the element of account title affected by the transaction • Determine whether the said element of account title increased or decreased • Determine whether the said elements should be debited or credited

31. Identifying Process 4. Determine the amount by which each element or account should be increased or decreased Note: In the identifying process, the Separate Entity Theory must be observed.

32. Separate Entity Theory The business and the owner are two separate and distinct entities. Therefore, transactions of the business must not be mixed with transactions of the owner.

33. Separate Entity Theory Investment Business Owner Withdrawal

34. Basic Application Debit or Credit? • Asset decreased • Capital increased • Accounts Payable increased • Supplies increased

35. Advanced Example • Clark invested cash to the business, P1,000. • The business rendered professional services on account, P3,000.

36. End of Lecture Thank You!