Violence vs. nonviolence

1. Violence vs. nonviolence Which is more effective?

2. http://worldbeyondwar.org/ https://www.veteransforpeace.org/who-we-are Third Thursday of Month, 3:00 pm, Belvedere Library

3. “We sleep safe in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.” George Orwell

4. “We sleep safe in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.” George Orwell “Nonviolence is fine as long as it works.” Malcolm X

5. “We sleep safe in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.” George Orwell “Nonviolence is fine as long as it works.” Malcolm X “Democracy don't rule the world, You'd better get that in your head; This world is ruled by violence, But I guess that's better left unsaid.” Bob Dylan

6. “We sleep safe in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.” George Orwell “Nonviolence is fine as long as it works.” Malcolm X “Democracy don't rule the world, You'd better get that in your head; This world is ruled by violence, But I guess that's better left unsaid.” Bob Dylan “Violence is like a weed - it does not die even in the greatest drought.” Simon Wiesenthal

7. “We sleep safe in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.” George Orwell “Nonviolence is fine as long as it works.” Malcolm X “Democracy don't rule the world, You'd better get that in your head; This world is ruled by violence, But I guess that's better left unsaid.” Bob Dylan “Violence is like a weed - it does not die even in the greatest drought.” Simon Wiesenthal “Violence is a part of America. I don't want to single out rap music. Let's be honest. America's the most violent country in the history of the world, that's just the way it is. We're all affected by it.” Spike Lee

8. “We sleep safe in our beds because rough men stand ready in the night to visit violence on those who would do us harm.” George Orwell “Nonviolence is fine as long as it works.” Malcolm X “Democracy don't rule the world, You'd better get that in your head; This world is ruled by violence, But I guess that's better left unsaid.” Bob Dylan “Violence is like a weed - it does not die even in the greatest drought.” Simon Wiesenthal “Violence is a part of America. I don't want to single out rap music. Let's be honest. America's the most violent country in the history of the world, that's just the way it is. We're all affected by it.” Spike Lee “Violence is one of the most fun things to watch.” Quentin Tarentino

10. Nonviolence and Political change • India—Gandhi: ”How can just 100,000 British troops control 350,000,000 people?”

11. Nonviolence and Political change • India—Gandhi: ”How can just 100,000 British troops control 350,000,000 people?” • Berlin, 1943. Rosenstrasse protests. Non-Jewish women protest the deportation and probable deaths of their Jewish husbands. Even the Nazis backed down.

12. Nonviolence and Political change • India—Gandhi: ”How can just 100,000 British troops control 350,000,000 people?” • Berlin, 1943. Rosenstrasse protests. Non-Jewish women protest the deportation and probable deaths of their Jewish husbands. Even the Nazis backed down. • Nashville, 1960. February 13-May 10 1960. College students, male and female, black and white conducted the non-violent sit-ins in Nashville lunch counters

13. Nonviolence and Political change • India—Gandhi: ”How can just 100,000 British troops control 350,000,000 people?” • Berlin, 1943. Rosenstrasse protests. Non-Jewish women protest the deportation and probable deaths of their Jewish husbands. Even the Nazis backed down. • Nashville, 1960. February 13-May 10 1960. College students, male and female, black and white conducted the non-violent sit-ins in Nashville lunch counters • South Africa, 1975—Mkhuseli Jack, 27-year old leader of the United Democratic Front

14. Nonviolence and Political change • India—Gandhi: ”How can just 100,000 British troops control 350,000,000 people?” • Berlin, 1943. Rosenstrasse protests. Non-Jewish women protest the deportation and probable deaths of their Jewish husbands. Even the Nazis backed down. • Nashville, 1960. February 13-May 10 1960. College students, male and female, black and white conducted the non-violent sit-ins in Nashville lunch counters • South Africa, 1975—Mkhuseli Jack, 27-year old leader of the United Democratic Front • Yugoslavia—Otpor! Students vs. Milosevic

15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j6jJGFv23Jw

16. Key Points in Chenoweth 2017 presentation Definition of “Mass Campaign” Overthrow a dictator Independence from a colonial power Secession from the other state

17. Key Points in Chenoweth 2017 presentation Research on campaigns from 1900-2015 224 were nonviolent 235 were violent From 2000-2015 nonviolent campaigns outnumbered violent campaigns almost 5:1

18. Success Rates: Nonviolent versus Violent

19. Some Reasons Why Nonviolence is More Successful • Nonviolence attracts greater participation • All age groups • Women and men • Wider range of physical abilities

20. Some Reasons Why Nonviolence is More Successful • Nonviolence attracts greater participation • All age groups • Women and men • Wider range of physical abilities • Wider range of tactics for nonviolence vs. violence

21. Some Reasons Why Nonviolence is More Successful • Nonviolence attracts greater participation • All age groups • Women and men • Wider range of physical abilities • Wider range of tactics for nonviolence vs. violence • Less likely to generate violent repression

22. Four things successful resistance campaigns do Build and sustain large, diverse participation-between 1900 and 2006 a movement with a participation threshold of at least 3.5% of the population did not fail

23. Four things successful resistance campaigns do Build and sustain large, diverse participation-between 1900 and 2006 a movement with a participation threshold of at least 3.5% of the population did not fail Use a variety of nonviolent methods

24. Four things successful resistance campaigns do Build and sustain large, diverse participation-between 1900 and 2006 a movement with a participation threshold of at least 3.5% of the population did not fail Use a variety of nonviolent methods Elicit loyalty shifts among pillars of support, e.g. Media Civil servants Police

25. Losing the pillars of support • Example: Serbian uprising against Milosevich • Hundreds of thousands protesting • Police ordered to fire at the crowd but refused • “I saw my child in the crowd” • “I saw my neighbor” • “I saw the guy who sells me discount liquor”

26. Four things successful resistance campaigns do Build and sustain large, diverse participation-between 1900 and 2006 a movement with a participation threshold of at least 3.5% of the population did not fail Use a variety of nonviolent methods Elicit loyalty shifts among pillars of support, e.g. Media Civil servants Police Maintain nonviolent discipline despite an escalation of repression

27. Success Rates of Different Methods When Opponents Use Violent Repression

28. Nonviolent campaigns have a 46% success rate against repressive opponents versus 20% for violent campaigns • Reasons why: • Backfire effect—public outrage at repression • Concentration and dispersion

29. Movements led by faith based organizations or labor groups were more successful. They had a “moral vision”. • Any powerholder cannot do anything without the cooperation of the people implementing their wishes

30. MAINTAINING NONVIOLENT DISCIPLINE IS CRUCIAL • Use of violence by movement repels potential allies, increases widespread repression and discourages defections from the opposing side • Use of violence risks losing political influence and mass civil support

31. Detailed Case Studies

32. The Iranian revolution 1977-1979

33. Implications • Democracy is less likely to develop in successful violent campaigns vs. nonviolent campaigns

34. Implications • Democracy is less likely to develop in successful violent campaigns vs. nonviolent campaigns • The success of a violent campaign is likely to lead to a civil war within ten years. Nonviolent campaigns are less likely to be followed by a civil war

35. Implications • Democracy is less likely to develop in successful violent campaigns vs. nonviolent campaigns • The success of a violent campaign is likely to lead to a civil war within ten years. Nonviolent campaigns are less likely to be followed by a civil war • Nonviolence has proved to be more effective and less costly

36. Implications • Democracy is less likely to develop in successful violent campaigns vs. nonviolent campaigns • The success of a violent campaign is likely to lead to a civil war within ten years. Nonviolent campaigns are less likely to be followed by a civil war • Nonviolence has proved to be more effective and less costly • There is “backsliding” from democracy to authoritarian government when people become disengaged

38. “Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon, which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it. It is a sword that heals.”

39. “Non-violence leads to the highest ethics, which is the goal of all evolution. Until we stop harming all other living beings, we are still savages.”Thomas Edison, Inventor

40. “When it gets down to having to use violence, then you are playing the system’s game. The establishment will irritate you – pull your beard, flick your face – to make you fight. Because once they’ve got you violent, then they know how to handle you. The only thing they don’t know how to handle is non-violence and humor.”John Lennon, musician

44. http://worldbeyondwar.org/ https://www.veteransforpeace.org/who-we-are Third Thursday of Month, 3:00 pm, Belvedere Library

45. Violence vs. nonviolence Nonviolence is the winner.