Room at the Bottom Exploring Nanospace with Anti-matter

1. Room at the BottomExploring Nanospace with Anti-matter Suzanne V Smith Node Director, Centre of Excellence in Anti-matter Matter Studies, Australia Senior Research Fellow Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. svs@ansto.gov.au

2. In his famous lecture, ‘There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” in 1959 Richard Feynman considered the possibility of controlling individual atoms as a more powerful new form of chemistry. In 1965 Richard Feynman received a Nobel Prize in Physics for his contributions to quantum electrodynamics.

3. Small changes - High impact Quantum dots Particle size (2 to 10 nm) influences the fluorescence of material one nano-metre =one billionth of metre Applications in lasers, amplifiers, and biological sensors

4. Nanoparticles – more atoms on the surface of a particle The cell 1um 100 nm Surface Area of Particles per cm3 10 nm 1 nm Diameter of Nanoparticle (nm)

5. Nature Inspires Nanosciences • Biological systems can • sense, • react, • regulate, • grow, • regenerate, and • heal.

6. The Nucleus The nucleus has nanopores that control the movement of molecules in an out. The cell has molecules embedded in its wall which assist to trap molecules or trigger chemical process within the cell.

7. Nanotechnology Sensors (functional surfaces or nano- and micro- particles) Delivery Vehicles (controlled released particles and surfaces) Imaging agents (magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots) Self cleaning surfaces (e.g Water-repellent fabrics) Self heal surfaces (e.g anti-corrosion) Important questions Porosity Surface reactivity Size, shape and chemical composition

8. Smaller Lighter Faster

9. Nanosciences enhancing everyday living Self-healing materials –corrosion resistant paint Fuel cells to power batteries and cars Solar panels for heat and light. Intelligent clothing – pulse and respiration Hip joints – biocompatible materials Light bike frame- Carbon nanotube

10. Smell 4000 - 10,000 compound small molecules - 300 to 500 Mw volatile one drop in an olympic swimming pool

11. Extremely High Sensitivity Working at up to 10-5 parts per billion Or 1 drop of dye in up to 100 Olympic pools

12. Positron Emission Tomography Imaging 10-8 to 10-10M http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positron SMITH SV: IDrugs (2005) 8(10):827-833.

13. Positron or Anti-matter binds to electrons γ 511KeV Positronium e- b+ γ

14. Positrons can tell us about pore or nanospaces in materials b+ b+ Detector Detector Nanospaces or pores larger the pore the longer the lifetime

15. Connected pores Non-connected pores How do we know if our chemical is in our materials?

16. Radiotracers tells is the molecules absorb Centrifuge Rotate 3 x 20μL ~10mg sample (x4) Activity counted in γ counter 10 sec counts + 1mL (radiotracers + buffer)

17. Silk Powders Different morphology And amino acid composition Samia ricini Bombyx mori

18. Effect of pH and time on metal binding Selectivity dependent on species Cd(II) [M2+] = 10-4M; powder 10 mg; Temp.23oC; Total Vol: 1.0 mL; centrifuge; 5000 rpm

19. + T E O S H Hollow Silica Shells - for drug delivery and controlled release PMPS 6 6 0 ° C Predict Absorption Behaviour Type and size of molecules Availability Adsorption or absorption Exilica Ltd UK SEM image of hollow silica shells Daniel E. Lynch, Langmuir, Vol. 21, No. 14, 2005

20. [Co-(dota)]2- [Co-(diamsar]2+ [Co-(sarar]2+ [Co-(bis-(p-aminobenzyl)diamsar]2+ Concentration of Co-Ligand absorbed into silica shells (x10-8 moles per mg) pH Binding Properties of Hollow Silica Shells

21. Natural Fibres – Merino Wool

22. Wool powders absorb metal ions fast Powders are selective and absorb in minutes at room temperature !

23. Self Healing Material – Anti-corrosion Materials What happens when a space ship gets a crack on its surface… who goes to fix the surface? Multifunctional Inhibitors, Delivery systems, Self Repair/Regeneration Scientists put chemicals that react on release to repair the defect.

24. crack healing agent Time Self Healing Materials