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EASA CNS/ATM Steering Group ICAO PBN status and its repercussion on EASA material

EASA CNS/ATM Steering Group ICAO PBN status and its repercussion on EASA material. P. GAYRAUD /B. RABILLER Cologne the 21st of June 2007. ICAO DOC 9613 PBN manual. Background. RNP concept initially published by ICAO: Doc 9613 (RNP Manual) RNP types only identified by an accuracy value

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EASA CNS/ATM Steering Group ICAO PBN status and its repercussion on EASA material

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  1. EASA CNS/ATM Steering GroupICAO PBN status and its repercussion on EASA material P. GAYRAUD /B. RABILLER Cologne the 21st of June 2007

  2. ICAO DOC 9613 PBN manual

  3. Background • RNP concept initially published by ICAO: Doc 9613 (RNP Manual) • RNP types only identified by an accuracy value • Lack of Airworthiness regulation or Guidance materials (except for RNP 10) • Industry has developed ED-75/DO-236 • In parallel, development of RNAVs with specific requirements in different regions of the world • ICAO decision in 2003 to set up RNPSORSG (RNP and Special Requirements Study Group)

  4. Status • RNPSORSG outcome: new edition of ICAO Doc 9613 « Performance Based Navigation Manual » superseding the existing RNP Manual • Final draft posted on the ICAO website (VOL I and VOL II) • ICAO State letter dated 27th of April 07 introducing the PBN concept and providing in attachment the VOL II document only (Navigation specification)

  5. PBN Manual Content • Vol 1: Concepts and Implementation Guidance Explains how a given Navigation Application (associated with COM, SUR and ATM) can support given operations in an Airspace • Vol 2: Implementing RNAV and RNP (Navigation Specifications)

  6. Concepts Navigation application • Navigation Application. The application of a navigation specification and the supporting Navaid infrastructure, to routes, procedures, and/or defined airspace volume, in accordance with the intended Airspace concept. • Navigation Specification.  A set of aircraft and air crew requirements needed to support Performance based navigation operations within a defined airspace. There are two kinds of navigation specification: RNAV and RNP: • RNP X: A navigation specification with an On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting function (OPMA) • RNAV X: A navigation specification without an On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting function “X” refers to the lateral navigation accuracy in Nm (95%) Navigation specification NAVAID infrastructure Performance Based Navigation Concept RNP = RNAV + OPMA

  7. Navigation Specification • Navigation Specifications content: • Required performance (accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity) • Eligible sensors for the achievement of the required performance • Required navigation functionalities in order to meet the required performance • Requirements on the flight crew in order to achieve the required performance from the aircraft and the RNAV system. • Navigation Specifications are not totally « performance-based »: • The requirement allocation to Aircraft, Aircrew and ATM is not independent of technology • The number of technologies is limited (GNSS, IRS, DME…) • Specific requirements on: sensors, navigation functionalities and display • Navigation Specification advantage • Only one set of requirements for a given Navigation Application • Separation or obstacle clearance • Operational aspects • Aircrew and controllers training • Instead of requirements specific to the sensor technology

  8. OPMA: On-board Performance Monitoring and Alerting function • A function on board the aircraft detecting and informing the crew when the RNAV system is unable to satisfy the performance prescribed in the Navigation Specification. • This function should monitor all type of errors which may affect the aircraft ability to follow the desired flight path. • The required level of on board monitoring and alerting is stipulated in each RNP navigation specification. • This function may be: • a mix of « automatic » monitoring (e.g NSE monitoring through RAIM) and operational procedure (FTE monitoring by the crew) • or only « automatic » monitoring (e.g TSE monitoring)

  9. RNP versus RNAV performance RNAV Performance 1 x nav accuracy 95% Accuracy Desired route Accuracy 1 x nav accuracy 95% RNP Performance Crew procedure if TSE> threshold TSE< threshold 99.999% 2 x nav accuracy TSE Monitoring and alerting 1 x nav accuracy 95% Accuracy Desired route Accuracy TSE Monitoring and alerting 1 x nav accuracy 95% 99.999% 2 x nav accuracy

  10. Overview of navigation specifications (1/2)

  11. Overview of navigation specifications (2/2)

  12. RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 RNP 4 BASIC-RNP 1 RNP APCH Performance Requirements - Accuracy - Equipment malfunction - Continuity - Signal in Space 10NM 95% Major Major Error > 20 NM, Prob < 10-7/h 5NM 95% Major Minor Error > 10 NM, Prob < 10-7/h 1NM 95% Major Minor Error > 2 NM, Prob < 10-7/h 4NM 95% Major Major Error > 8 NM, Prob < 10-7/h 1NM 95% Major Minor Error > 2 NM, Prob < 10-7/h 1-0.3NM 95% Major Minor Error > 2-0.6 NM, Prob < 10-7/h OPMA Error > 8NM, Prob < 10-5 Error > 2NM, Prob < 10-5 Error > 2-0.6NM, Prob < 10-5 Minimum equipment 2 LRNS using: - GNSS - IRS 1 system using: - GNSS - DME/DME - VOR/DME - IRS 2 systems using: - GNSS - DME/DME - DME/DME /IRS 2 LRNS using at least: - GNSS System using at least: - GNSS System using at least: - GNSS § x.3.3.2 Specific requirements concerning the positioning function - GNSS - IRS - 2IRS + GNSS - GNSS - DME/DME - VOR/DME - IRS - GNSS - DME/DME - DME/DME /IRS Navigation Specification comparison (1) § x.3.3

  13. RNAV 10 RNAV 5 RNAV 1 RNP 4 BASIC-RNP 1 RNP APCH § x.3.3.3 Functional Requirements - Display No Yes Yes + Yes Yes + Yes ++ - Navigation Functionalities No No Yes Yes Yes Yes § x.3.4 Operating procedures § x.3.5 Pilot Knowledge and Training § x.3.6 Navigation Databases § x.3.7 Oversight of Operators  Yes  Yes Yes  Yes  Yes  Yes Navigation Specification comparison (2) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes LOA Type 2 LOA Type 2 LOA Type 2 LOA Type 2

  14. PBN manual publication repercussion on EASA materials (1/3) • ICAO PBN manual is the most recent document addressing airworthiness and operational criteria • It includes up to date requirements and/or clarifications • In particular those related to recent in service experience and those related to harmonisation with other Authorities (mainly with FAA). • After a first assessment most of AMC/TGL are consistent with the PBN manual except TGL 10 for P-RNAV and the lack of an AMC for RNP 4 and for Basic-RNP 1.

  15. PBN manual publication repercussion on EASA materials(2/3)

  16. PBN manual publication repercussion on EASA materials (3/3) • PBN repercussions are not significant on EASA materials but general discussions are necessary to prepare the future: 1- What is the role of the RNP RNAV MASPS (DO-236/ ED-75) taking into account the PBN manual publication? Should this standard be amended to be in line with this document? 2- Should future “RNAV” AMCs be only a reference to PBN navigation specification or should AMCs still need to include all the details (stand-alone document)? 3- Should EU-OPS 1 (e.g. 1.243 and 1.865) be amended to reflect the PBN manual in particular in terms of terminology used?

  17. Proposed recommendations The following aspects, should be addressed: • Review and, where necessary, propose update to EU-OPS to ensure requirements for RNAV and RNP operations are consistent with the ICAO PBN manual • Review existing RNAV TGL/AMC and, where necessary, update these documents (e.g. P-RNAV) • Issue, when there is an operational need (e.g. RNP 4), an AMC addressing the related ICAO Navigation Specification. EASA should decide if the AMC content is only a reference to the ICAO Navigation Specification or if it includes all the details (cut and paste of the ICAO Navigation Specification plus refinement if necessary).

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