HVAC Excellence 2011 National HVACR Education & Trainers Conference

1. HVAC Excellence 2011 National HVACR Education & Trainers Conference Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings The Opportunities Ahead Gordon V.R. Holness P.E. ASHRAE Presidential Member 2009-10

2. Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings The Opportunities Ahead • Significant New Trends in the • HVAC & R Industry as We Seek to • Resolve the Issues of Increasing Energy Demand, Decreasing Supply and Environmental Impact.

3. Sustaining our Future by Rebuilding our Past Water Energy Environment Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings – Our Greatest Opportunity for a Sustainable Future

4. Is There a Need? • World energy consumption is projected to grow by 53% from 2010 to 2030 (U.S. Energy Information Agency) • Oil is forecasted to remain dominant energy source with coal forecasted as primary fuel for generating electricity • Cost of oil in 1976 vs. now • Energy use increasingly shifting away from developed countries and becoming more carbon-intensive • 120% Growth in CO2 Emissions in the next 20 years • Environmental Impact of increasing Atmospheric CO2 Levels • 180 ppm to 380 ppm to 580 ppm to ????

5. Buildings Represent • 17% of fresh water consumption • 25% of wood consumption • 39% of CO2 emissions • 30% of waste generation • 40% of energy use • 55% of natural gas use • 72% of electrical energy use

6. Figure 1: Energy Consumption in the U.S.

7. Available Data Bases for Commercial Buildings Energy Information Agencyunder US Department of EnergyCommercial Building Energy Consumption Survey – CBECS Whole Building Design Guide www.wbdg.org www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cbecs

9. Why Are We Here?

10. USA Energy Production and Imports • 2005 2030 • Oil 70%/30% 30%/70% ??? • Gas 100% 70%/30% ??? • Where will our Energy come from in the next 20 years?

11. Atmospheric CO2 Levels • Pre-industrial: 180 - 280 PPM • 2007: 380 PPM • 2050 Business as usual: 580 PPM Can we afford to take a chance?

12. CO2 Emission Reduction • USA Copenhagen Commitment 17% Reduction by 2020 • Previous Commitment 45% by 2030 80% by 2050 How do we achieve that without significantly raising energy prices?

13. PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION Worldwide Average 2000 Kwh/capita/year India 450 Kwh/ca[pita/year China 1800 Kwh/capita/year Argentina/Brazil 2,200 Kwh/capita/year Europe 6,000 Kwh/capita/year Kuwait 13,600 Kwh/capita/year USA 16,000 Kwh/capita/year

14. Energy Efficient Buildings Key Factors for Success • State Adoption of More Stringent Codes • Raising Public Awareness • Legislation and Incentive Action • Technical Issues Design & Construction • Procedural Issues – Commissioning • Operation and Maintenance • Measurement and Verification • Occupant Behavior – Changing Mindsets and Culture

15. SMART Grid, SMART Meters, SMART Systems Why Should We Care? • Utility Deregulation – Utility Rate De-Coupling • Demand Response and Control • Real Time Pricing • Thermal Storage (Bridge Cycles in Wind & Solar) • Communication and Control Development • ASHRAE Standard 135 BACNet • ASHRAE Standard 201 SMART Grid Information

16. Net-Zero Energy Buildings Buildings which, on an annual basis, use no more energy than is provided by on-site renewable energy sources.

17. Building Orientation ) Siting and Location ) Building Envelope Efficiency ) And How Much Material Use ) Fenestration ) Will this Cost? Use of Day Lighting ) Advanced Lighting Design ) HVAC Systems ) Indoor Air Quality ) Water Conservation ) How Do We Get There?

18. Energy Efficient and Sustainable Buildings Will this Just Lead to Higher First Cost? In the Life Cycle of a Building : Initial Construction Cost is only 2% Operational and Energy Cost is only 6% Occupancy Cost Accounts for 92%

19. Energy Saving Incentive Programs Energy Policy Act - EPAC 2005 Energy Independence and Security Act - EISA 2007 American Clean Energy and Security Act ACES 2009/10 still pending Tax Incentive & Assistance Program - TIAP American Recovery and Reinvestment Act – ARRA www.dsireusa.org

20. NZEB for Federal Facilities Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA)requires new federal buildings to reduce their fossil fuel based energy use by 55% by 2010 and to zero by 2030. EPAC 2005 / EISA 2007 Existing Federal Buildings 30% reduction in energy use by 2015

21. EPAC 2005 / EISA 2007 Existing Federal Buildings 30% reduction in energy use by 2015

22. FEDERAL ENERGY LEGISLATION HR 2454 AMERICAN CLEAN ENERGY AND SECURITY ACT – 2009 S.1462 Energy Bill & S.1733 CLIMATE CHANGE 30% Reduction in Energy by 2010 ) New 50% Reduction in Energy by 2016 ) Residential & Commercial 75% Reduction in Energy by 2021 )

23. Our Greatest Opportunities? 2% of Building Projects are New Construction 86% of Construction Dollars go into Existing Buildings 75% to 80% of All Buildings That will Exist in 2030 Exist Today!

24. The Cost of Being Green What is the cost of simply taking energy out of buildings? McKinsey - Energy Efficiency – Invest $170 Billion per year in the USA Offering 17% ROI Saving 9.3 Quads/yr (23%) by 2020 McKinsey Global Institute • Building Star – Rebuilding America Program Retrofit 50 Million Existing Residential and Commercial Buildings by 2020 $500 billion cost over 10 years, $685 million in energy Savings, 625,000 jobs created 20% Reduction in Electrical Energy 15% Reduction in Gas Energy

25. ASHRAE’s Path ForwardTools We Can Bring to the Table Standard 90.1 Standard 189.1 Standard 100 Advanced Energy Design Guides Commissioning and Retro Commissioning Operation and Maintenance Guidance

26. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010Purpose “… Provide minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of buildings except low-rise residential buildings”

27. Energy Codes Development Excludes Plug and Process Loads

28. Current State Adoptions of Standard 90.1

29. Specific Energy FiguresCBECS Data for Commercial Buildings 1979 – 125,000 Btu/sq. ft./year (Approx)1992 – 90,500 Btu/sq.ft/year 1999 – 85,100 Btu/sq.ft/year2003 – 91,000 Btu/sq.ft/year

30. ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IESNA Standard 189.1 2009

31. Standard 189.1 Topic Areas SS Sustainable Sites Water Use Efficiency Energy Efficiency Indoor Environmental Quality Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources Construction and Operations Plans & Commissioning WE EE IEQ MR CO

32. Standard 189.1 Building Blocks Std 189 CA DHS EHLB R-174 Std 62.1 Std 90.1 Std 180 Std 55 Guideline 0 BIFMA ASME ASTM US EPA US DOE USGBC IES Std 191 Green Seal

33. Special Projects/Publications • Advanced Energy Design Guides – provide 30 percent energy savings over Standard 90.1 • Small office buildings • Small retail buildings • Warehouses • Highway Lodgings • Kindergarten through grade 12 schools • Health Care Facilities

34. ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 100-2011?

35. Identify Potential Energy Saving Measures for Existing Buildings • Routine Maintenance and Repairs • Retro – Commissioning • Utility Tariffs/Negotiations • Tenant Fit Out and Improvements • Equipment Replacement • Major Renovations

36. Identify Potential Energy Saving Measures for Existing Buildings Building Envelope Lighting Systems Window Replacement T5 Versus T8/T12 Lamps Solar Films Compact Fluorescent Bulbs Caulking/Sealing Electronic Ballasts Enhanced Insulation Day Lighting Controls Motion Sensors HVAC Systems Controls/Other Higher Equip. Efficiencies Management Systems Heat Recovery Maintenance Systems Displacement Ventilation Monitoring/Auditing DOAS Applied Photo Voltaics GSHP Variable Speed Drives

37. Role of Commissioning and Retro Commissioning Why is Cx or RCx so Critical? • Buildings are very complex prototypical machines • Unique • Built on-site • Built by hand • Thousands of independent components Most buildings do not operate as intended

38. Measurement and Verification • Information is Key to Success • Metering and Sub Metering • Graphical Displays • Building Energy Labeling

39. ASHRAE Energy Labeling Building eQ Program

40. Building Information Modeling Energy Simulation and Modeling

41. Building Information Modeling

42. Building Information Modeling System Simulation, Control and Monitoring

44. What Can We Expect • Highly Insulated Building Envelope • High Performance Fenestration • Optimized use of Day lighting • Low Density Ambient Lighting - Electronic Dimmable • High Efficiency Task Lighting – Occupancy Control • Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems with Enthalpy Recovery and Demand Control • Expanded use of Heat Pumps • Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems • High Performance Packaged DX Systems - VRF • On Going Commissioning, Operation and Maintenance

45. What Will It Take? • More Uniformly Applied and Enforced Building Codes • Higher Energy Costs • Peak Load Shaving and Demand Control • Possible Carbon Tax • Move beyond certificates of occupancy towards actual regulation of Building Energy Use. Increasingly the Issues will not be Technical nor will they be Political or even Economic! They will be Cultural

46. Occupant BehaviorChanging Mindsets and Culture • Plug and Process Loads in Buildings • Lighting • Thermal Comfort • Raising Awareness • Energy Costs and Availability • Environmental Awareness • Legislation and Code change • Culture of Sustainability

47. Is That Enough? Can we get there with our current Prescriptive Codes and Standards Process ? How do We Address Actual Versus Theoretical Building Performance ? Do we need to go Beyond Certificate of Occupancy ? Will Building Owners and Consumers Accept Intrusion into their Daily Lives?

48. As Educators and Trainers • Understand the Issues • This is About More Than Just Technology • Raise Fundamental Understanding • Teach Energy Auditing & Management • Emphasize Operation and Maintenance • Promote Continuous Commissioning • Encourage Rebates and Incentives

49. The Dawning of a New Era Education and Training is essential for the next generation

50. Sustaining Our Future By Rebuilding Our Past When we build let it not be for present use alone. Let it be such work as our descendants thank us” John Ruskin 1875