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When you see this…

When you see this…. Write that information down. The Chemistry of Life. Biomolecules. You have probably learned about levels of organization within living things in the past…. - Organism. - Organ Systems. - Organs. - Tissues. - Cells. But we are going smaller!.

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  1. When you see this… Write that information down.

  2. The Chemistry of Life Biomolecules

  3. You have probably learned about levels of organization within living things in the past… - Organism - Organ Systems - Organs - Tissues - Cells

  4. But we are going smaller! Just what size of things are we talking about here?

  5. All living organisms require the same basic molecules to survive and function. • These molecules give us energy, form the structures that make us, and determine our characteristics.

  6. Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids Amoeba Sisters - Biological Molecules

  7. Carbohydrates

  8. Carbohydrates – sugars • Monosaccharaides (simple sugars) i.e. C6H12O6 -glucose • Disaccharaides (double ring sugars) i.e. sucrose – table sugar • Polysaccharides (complex sugars) starch, cellulose, and glycogen

  9. Carbohydrate Functions • Quick energy foods. • How stored: • Plants starch • Animals  glycogen

  10. Lipids

  11. Lipid Functions • Important in cell membrane • High energy food • Protects vital organs • Insulates the body • Stores food (energy)for later use • Made of C, H, O

  12. Structure of Lipids

  13. Structure of Lipids

  14. Proteins

  15. Protein Function • Most Abundant: 50% of Dry Wt • Build Internal Structures • Movement: Makes up muscle tissue • Transport: Carries oxygen in an organism • Immunity: Helps fight off foreign invaders • Enzymes: Speed up chemical reactions

  16. Protein (Structure)

  17. Nucleic Acids

  18. Nucleic Acids • Two types of nucleic acids • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) • RNA (Ribonucleic acid) Contain genetic code/information that determines our characteristics

  19. Short term energy source • Used within 24 hrs. Basic Structure Function Carbohydrate Building Blocks Examples • C, H, O • Monomer – Monosaccharide / Sugar (ring) • Polymer – Polysaccharide chain • Breads • Cereals • Fruit • Starch • Pasta

  20. Phospholipid Triglyceride • Forms structure of cell membrane • High energy food • Long term energy storage • Insulates body Basic Structure Function Lipids Building Blocks Examples • C, H, O Monomer • Glycerol (hydrophilic head) • Fatty Acids (hydrophobic tails) • Fat • Oils • Butter

  21. Forms structure of cells • Fights infection • Speed up reactions (enzymes) • Hormones Basic Structure Function Proteins Building Blocks Examples • Internal • Hair • Skin • Muscle • Enzymes • Immune System • C, H, O, N • Monomer – Amino Acids (beads) • Polymer – Polypeptide (tangled chain) • Foods • Meat • Beans • Eggs

  22. Stores genetic code • Pass genetic information to offspring • Directions to produce proteins Basic Structure Function Nucleic Acids Building Blocks Examples • C, H, O, N, P • Monomer – Nucleotide • Polymer – Double Helix (DNA) / Single strand (RNA) • DNA – Genetic coding • RNA – Protein coding

  23. Crash Course - Biological Molecules A.S. Video Handout Page

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