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Turning Points of the Civil War. 1861-1865. Vicksburg Mississippi. Was the last stronghold for the Confederates on the Miss. River In 1862 Farragut secured the Miss River Grant had seized as far south as Memphis. Vicksburg. GRIERSON’S RAId
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Turning Points of the Civil War 1861-1865
Vicksburg Mississippi • Was the last stronghold for the Confederates on the Miss. River • In 1862 Farragut secured the Miss River • Grant had seized as far south as Memphis
Vicksburg • GRIERSON’S RAId • Grant Intended to march on the city from the southern part of Mississipi • In order to maneuver troops into position he needed a diversion • He sent Grierson to take 1700 troops on a cavalry raid through Mississippi
Vicksburg • Grierson went on a two week raid of Mississippi --- • This gave Grant time to set up his troops and enter Miss from the south • From this point Grant ordered a march directly east --- commanding his troops to live by foraging
Vicksburg • Grant marched 180 miles in 17 days fighting 5 battles and killing 7,200 confederates • May 1863 – Grant launched to assaults on the city- both repelled • Grant decided the only way to take the city was by seige
Vicksburg • July 4th 1763 the Confederates surrender
The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg
Road to Gettysburg • Shortly after Antietam, Lincoln became Frustrated with McClellan bc – he could have destroyed Lee’s retreating army but he let them go untouched • Nov. 7 1862 – McClellan replaced with Gen. Ambrose Burnside
Fredricksburg • Dec. 8, 1862 –Burnside ordered a series of attacks on Lee – located at Fredericksburg Va. Union suffered 12,000 casualties, twice as many as the CSA • Lincoln replaces Burnside with Gen. Joseph Hooker
Chancellorsville • Hooker devised a plan to attack Lee’s troops at Fredericksburg • He would divide his troops • Some would stay at Fredericksburg • Others would leave go west and attack Lee’s troops from the west • May 2, 1863 Lee’s troops attacked Hookers forces at Chancellorsville • CSA outnumbered 2-1, won and Hooker surrendered on May 5, 1863
Battle of Gettysburg • Having weakened the Union Forces – Lee wanted to invade the Union • Lincoln replaced Hooker with Meade • Lee moved North – some of his troops forged into Gettysburg • When they arrived the CSA ran into Union troops under the command of John Buford • 1st day – Union troops were pushed out of the town into hills directly south
Gettysburg • 2nd day – Lee attacked but the Union Held their Ground • Cemetary Hill • Cemetary Ridge • Little Round Top 3rd Day – Lee ordered a massive attack of 15,000 troops under General Pickett and A.P. Hill – (mile wide line of troops) 7,000 casualties in less than a half hour
Gettysburg • Less than 5,000 troops made it up Gettysburg • Lee quickly rallied his troops and ordered a retreat • Sever blow to both sided • Union 23,000 casualties • CSA 28,000 casualties
Gettysburg Address • In Nov, 1863 – Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a military cemetery • He was not the key note speaker – spoke for 2hrs • Lincoln spoke for 5 minutes
Grant • Grant’s successes in the West make him General in Chief of the entire Union Army • Chickamauga • Chatanooga • Wilderness to Cold Harbor • Seige of Petersburg • Farragut and Mobile • The Fall of Atlanta - Sherman
Grant • Sherman – Nov 15 1864 – marches to the sea (Total War) • Destruction 60 miles wide • Turned North and headed to South Carolina • Did not spare SC • Thirteenth Amendment
1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement: Copperheads Clement Vallandigham
Surrender • April 1st 1865 – Union troops cut the last rail lines into Petersburg • Lees troops left their positions and fled west • Attempt failed – Sheridan’s Calvary blocked Lee off at Appomattox
Terms of Surrender • US would not persecute southern troops for treason • Let them take horses to work farms • Lincoln’s Assassination
The Assassin John Wilkes Booth
