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Biochemistry Vocabulary

Learn the essential terms and concepts in Biochemistry with this comprehensive vocabulary list. Explore the definitions of lipids, atoms, elements, pH scale, proteins, polymers, organic compounds, and compounds.

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Biochemistry Vocabulary

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  1. Biochemistry Vocabulary

  2. 1. Lipid - Organic compound used for long term energy storage and makes up cell membranes. Contains carbon and hydrogen (fat, oil, wax).

  3. 2. Atom- The smallest unit of an element.

  4. 3. Element-Basic building block of physical matter. Cannot be broken down into a simpler structure. .

  5. 4. pH Scale- The scale that is used to identify acids and bases (ranges from 0-14), acids are below 7, bases are above 7, neutral is equal to 7.

  6. 5. Protein- Organic compound used for growth and repair and includes the enzyme group. Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

  7. 6. Polymer- A substance made of “many parts.”

  8. 7. Organic Compound - Grouping of elements that always include carbon. Essential to life’s cellular processes.

  9. 8. Compound- A chemical substance composed of two or more atoms of elements. -

  10. 9. Carbohydrate- Organic compound that is the quickest energy source for life. Contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (sugars and starches).

  11. 10. Molecule- The smallest unit of a compound.

  12. 11. Enzyme- A type of protein that breaks compounds down and speeds up reactions.

  13. 12. Hemoglobin- Protein in red blood cells containing iron; is responsible for circulating oxygen in the blood stream.

  14. 13. Substrate - The molecule to which an enzyme binds and acts upon (puzzle pieces).

  15. 14. Insulin- Protein hormone released by the pancreas in response to blood glucose levels.

  16. 15. Nucleic Acid- Organic compounds also known as DNA and RNA that code for all genetic information essential for life. Contains hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus.

  17. 16. Amino Acid- Monomer of a protein, includes a variable side chain which makes each one unique.

  18. 17. Active Site- Site on an enzyme that binds to the substrate and triggers a chemical reaction, also determines the type of substrate to be acted upon.

  19. 18. Nucleotide- Monomer of a nucleic acid, composed of a 5-Carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

  20. 19. Activation Energy- The necessary energy to start a chemical reaction.

  21. 20. Cellulose- Rigid carbohydrate that is found in the cell wall of plant cells.

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