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Chapter 3: Planning a Network Upgrade

CCNA Discovery 2. Chapter 3: Planning a Network Upgrade. 3.1: Document the Network Site Survey Physical and Logical Topologies Network Requirements 3.2: Planning Physical Environment Cabling Structured Cabling 3.3: Purchasing and Maintaining Selecting LAN devices

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Chapter 3: Planning a Network Upgrade

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  1. CCNA Discovery 2 Chapter 3: Planning a Network Upgrade

  2. 3.1: Document the Network • Site Survey • Physical and Logical Topologies • Network Requirements • 3.2: Planning • Physical Environment • Cabling • Structured Cabling • 3.3: Purchasing and Maintaining • Selecting LAN devices • Selecting Internetworking Devices • Upgrades Contents

  3. When expanding an existing network, if a business adds network hardware devices of varying quality and manufacturers, the quality of the current network may become degraded It is important to carefully plan a network upgrade to ensure optimal performance and network scalability Before designing an upgrade, a site survey is created to document the existing network structure. It is also necessary to investigate and document the physical layout of the premises to determine where new equipment can be installed Network Upgrade

  4. A site survey provides the network designer important information and creates a proper starting point for the project. • It shows what is already on site, and gives a good indication as to what is needed • It Should Include: • Number of users and types of equipment • Internet service and equipment • Existing infrastructure • Security requirements • Application requirements • Physical layout Site survey

  5. Site survey

  6. Physical topology • Shows the actual physical location of cables, computers, and other peripherals • Wired: consists of the wiring closet and the wiring to the individual end-user stations • Wireless: consists of the wiring closet and an access point • Logical topology • Documents the path that data takes through the network and where network functions, like routing, occur. • Includes the naming and Layer 3 addressing of end stations, router gateways, and other network devices • indicates the location of routing, network address translation, and firewall filtering topologies

  7. Physical Topology

  8. Logical topology

  9. Star • Each device is connected via a single connection to a central point. The central point is typically a switch or a wireless access point. • if a single connecting device fails, only that device is affected. • If the central device, such as the switch, fails, then all connecting devices lose connectivity. • Extended Star • The central device in one star is connected to a central device of another star, such as when multiple switches are interconnected, or daisy-chained together. • Mesh • Every device has a connection to every other device • Fully redundant network, complex to configure • Partial Mesh • Each device is connected to at least two other devices • Creates redundancy but less complex • Most core layer networks are wired as Mesh or Partial Mesh to ensure connectivity Logical Topology types

  10. Logical topologY Types

  11. An inventory sheet is used to help the network designer determine what new equipment is required • Helps obtain additional information about the hosts and networking devices that are currently installed • should also document any growth that the company anticipates in the near future. Inventory sheets

  12. The inventory sheet includes: • Device name • Date of purchase • Warranty information • Location • Brand and model • Operating system • Logical addressing information • Gateway • Method of connectivity • Virus Checker • Security information Inventory sheet

  13. A good project plan helps identify any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or threats (SWOT) • Strengths • Weaknesses • Opportunities • threats • The plan clearly defines the tasks, and the order in which the tasks are to be completed. Network upgrade plan

  14. Planning Phases • Requirements Gathering • Selection and Design of Cabling and Equipment • Devices and cabling are selected based on the requirements outlined in an Analysis Report • Multiple design options are created and regularly shared with other members on the project. • Prototypes are created and tested • Implementation of Network • Creating an implementation schedule that allows time for unexpected events, keeps disruption for the customer to a minimum • Operation of network • The network is brought into service in what is called a production environment • Review and Evaluation • Compare user experience with goals • Compare the projected designs and costs with the actual deployment • Monitor the operation and record changes

  15. Physical environment • Wiring closets: MDF, IDF

  16. Planning the Network Upgrade • Cabling considerations: • User work areas • Telecommunications room • Backbone area • Distribution area

  17. Telecommunications Room

  18. Structured cabling • Cabling choices: • STP • UTP • fiber optic • Patch cables: • a Short cable from the computer to the wall plate in the user work area • Horizontal cable • Cable from the wall plate to the IDF in the distribution area • Vertical cable • Cable from the IDF to the MDF in the backbone area of the business • Backbone cable • network cable that handles the major traffic

  19. Cable wiring • Ethernet Cable Types • Straight-through cables • Crossover cables • Console (rollover) cables • Serial cables

  20. Cross-over cable

  21. Straight-through cable

  22. Console cable

  23. Identify these items: • Patch cable • Horizontal cable • Vertical cable • Backbone cable • Location of wiring closet • Area to concentrate the end-user cables to the hub or switch • Cable management system • Trays and straps used to guide and protect cable runs • Cable labelling system • Labelling system or scheme to identify cables • Electrical considerations • Outlets and other items to support the electrical requirements of the network equipment Floor plan

  24. Managed service • The equipment is obtained from the ISP through a lease or some other agreement, and the ISP is responsible for updating and maintaining the equipment. • In-house • The customer purchases the equipment, and the customer is responsible for the updates, warranties, and maintenance of the equipment. Purchasing Equipment

  25. Purchase considerations

  26. LAN switches provide connectivity within the local area networks. Selecting LAN devices

  27. Routers interconnect local networks and are needed in a WAN environment. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment

  28. ISRs combine the functions of switches, routers, access points, and firewalls into the same device. Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment

  29. Factors for choosing a router: Type of connectivity Features available Cost Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment

  30. Design considerations: • Reliability • Availability • “5/ 9s of uptime” • Fault tolerance Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment

  31. IP addressing plan: • IP address scheme • Network information Purchasing and Maintaining Equipment

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