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FSU - Supercourse Developments

FSU - Supercourse Developments. SCIENTIFIC NETWORKING AND THE GLOBAL HEALTH SUPERCOURSE FOR THE PREVENTION OF THREAT FROM MAN MADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS. Eugene Shubnikov for FSU Internet Prevention Network August 8, 2005, Kaunas, Lithuania. www.pitt.edu/~super1/national/index.htm.

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FSU - Supercourse Developments

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  1. FSU - Supercourse Developments SCIENTIFIC NETWORKING AND THE GLOBAL HEALTH SUPERCOURSE FOR THE PREVENTION OF THREAT FROM MAN MADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS Eugene Shubnikov for FSU Internet Prevention Network August 8, 2005, Kaunas, Lithuania

  2. www.pitt.edu/~super1/national/index.htm

  3. Selected Causes of Death

  4. I-PreventionLow band width information transfer reaching large numbers of well people to prevent • Information for non-communicable diseases is what “vaccinations” are to infectious diseases.

  5. Steps in Developing of Russian/FSU Supercourse: • Network of the scientists involved in prevention and the Internet in Russia and FSU • Russian Language or Russia/ FSU’s connected Public Health Library of lectures at the Internet • I-prevention Program with relations between Russian, FSU, US and scientists from around of the world

  6. Communications between members • Mailing list • Sharing of lectures • Personal E-mail contacts • Personal meetings

  7. Our Help for Russian/ FSU Public Health Teachers • Free access to the Supercourse web library of lectures www.pitt.edu/~super1 • Cutting edge, interesting lectures available from Supercourse website and CDRoms. • Share knowledge, education and training systems with other public health professionals in FSU and worldwide through personal contacts

  8. What is the reasons of current bad health indices in Russia?

  9. Health status • It is useful to begin an account of health status developments with a consideration of the Soviet period, as the present health crisis of the Russian Federation has its roots in events that long precede the collapse of the Soviet Union.

  10. The period until 1991Life expectancy (both sexes)

  11. The period until 1991Life expectancy in 1965

  12. The health care principles upon which the Soviet health care system was to be based (Nikolai Semashko): • government responsibility for health • universal access to free services • a preventive approach to “social diseases” • quality professional care • a close relation between science and medical practice • continuity of care between health promotion, treatment and rehabilitation.

  13. Next steps following the establishment of the “Semashko” model in 1918 • The health care system was under the centralized control of the state, which financed services by general government revenues as part of national social and economic development plans. • All health care personnel became employees of the centralized state, which paid salaries and provided supplies to all medical institutions. • The main policy orientation throughout this period was to increase numbers of hospital bedsand medical personnel.

  14. Next steps following the establishment of the “Semashko” model in 1918 (cont.) • Russia made massive strides in arresting the spread of infectious diseases. • Drastic epidemic control measures were implemented, particularly in the cases of tuberculosis, typhoid fever, typhus, malaria and cholera. • These involved community prevention approaches, routine check-ups, improvements in urban sanitation and hygiene, quarantines, etc.

  15. Health crisis • The diverging paths of Russia and other industrialized nations with respect to health status from the 1960s onward has been attributed to the failure of the Russian health care system to successfully respond to the epidemiological transition.

  16. Healht Crisis(cont.) • The Soviet philosophy did not encourage the development of responsibility of the individual with respect to lifestyle issues that have a major bearing on health (alcohol use, smoking, diet, etc.), a situation exacerbated by the heavy dependence on alcohol sales as a means of circulating currency in a country with little access to consumer goods.

  17. A campaign against alcohol • By the 1980s, the gap between Russia and Western countries in life expectancy at birth came to about 10 years for men and 6 years for women, mostly due to high death rates among those of working age. In the mid-1980s, the government made an attempt to address this problem. It was by then generally understood that potentially avoidable human losses were mostly attributable to excess adult age mortality from particular causes such as injuries, accidental poisoning, suicide, homicide, sudden cardiac death, hypertension and other conditions closely related to alcohol abuse and its consequences.

  18. Life expectancy at birth related to Campaign

  19. But…. Russia failed to maintain this record, however: by 1987 the USSR was no longer able to enforce the anti-alcohol campaign and death rates rapidly resumed their upward trend from 1988 onwards. The anti-alcohol campaign was largely prohibitive and did not affect the attitude of the majority of Russia’s population towards alcohol.

  20. The period after 1991 • The health status of the Russian population declined precipitously following the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991. By all accounts, in the last decade Russia has been experiencing a shock unprecedented in peacetime to its health and demographic profiles.

  21. Russian Federation Population (1980-2000)

  22. Total mortality, 1990’s St. Petersburg Russian Federation

  23. Life expectancy in Russia, male

  24. Life expectancy in Russia, female

  25. The leading causes of death in the Russia Federation • Cardiovascular diseases with rates that are the highest in the European Region. • External causes of injury and poisoning • Cancer

  26. Causes of the mortality crisis • Major social and economic shock and income stratification in a population already vulnerable because of: • Poor diet, high levels of smoking, and weak systems of social support, in which alcohol and, increasingly, intravenous drugs, are easily available. • Health care system is poorly equipped to respond to challenges.

  27. What can be done? • The government of the Russian Federation clearly recognizes the urgency of the health and demographic crises. The Former Minister of Health Y. L. Shevchenko for instance, referred to the public health system as a significant factor in “national security” of the nation • President Putin, in a speech to the State Duma on 8 July 2000, stated that a persistence of recent demographic trends would endanger the survival of the nation.

  28. What can be done?(cont.) • Health promotion, prevention and attention to lifestyles • Primary care development based on family practice • De-emphasizing secondary and tertiary care • Quality of care

  29. What ways we may use for improve Health in Russia? • Improve prevention • Reach everybody • Make it inexpensively

  30. Role of FSU Internet PreventionNetwork in improvement Health in Russia • Networking Russian Public Health specialists via Internet • Improve prevention through the training of Russian Public Health specialists through Supercourse Library of lectures in Epidemiology, Public Health and Internet - www.pitt.edu/~super1/national/index.htm • Provide Russian Language Lectures on prevention via FSU Internet Prevention web site – www.pitt.edu/~super1/national/index.htm

  31. Thank you!And Welcome to Siberia!

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