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Nineteenth Century Europe and the Age of the “Isms”

Nineteenth Century Europe and the Age of the “Isms”. 1800-1850. Objective. To understand industrialization in Europe during the 19 th century To understand consequences of industrialization To understand new intellectual trends of the 19 th century. Industrialization.

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Nineteenth Century Europe and the Age of the “Isms”

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  1. Nineteenth Century Europe and the Age of the “Isms” 1800-1850

  2. Objective • To understand industrialization in Europe during the 19th century • To understand consequences of industrialization • To understand new intellectual trends of the 19th century

  3. Industrialization • The Industrial Revolution • Definition • Began in Britain in the late 18th century • Technological Advancements • Britain had huge lead

  4. Steam Engine

  5. British Industrialization

  6. Crystal Palace, 1851

  7. Before Industrialization • Life on the farm • Land-based wealth • Handicraft society • Limited sources of energy

  8. Industrialization • Consequences • New sources of energy required • Urbanization • New ways of working • New definitions of wealth

  9. European Urbanization1750-1850

  10. Railway and Industrial Production1850

  11. Jacquard Loom

  12. Industrialization • Economics of Industrialization • Laissez-faire capitalism • Thomas Malthus • David Ricardo • Employers’ justification for treatment of workers

  13. Industrial London

  14. Girl Dragging Coal

  15. Women Textile Workers, 1850

  16. Apartment Living in Paris

  17. Industrialization • Free Trade • Lowering trade barriers to spur economic growth • Zollverein • Britain repeals the Corn Laws • Consequences

  18. Responses to Industrialization Chartism • Calls for Political Reform • William Lovett (1800-1877) forms London Working Men’s Association • Six proposals for reform • Petitions submitted to Parliament in 1830s • Chartism not successful at first, but ideas gradually adopted

  19. Responses to Industrialization • Utopian Socialism • Attempts to solve problems of industrialization • Saint-Simonianism (1820s-30s) • Owenism (1820s) • Fourierism • Anarchism

  20. Responses to Industrialization • Marxism • Karl Marx (1818-1883) • Friederich Engels (1820-1895) • Wrote The Communist Manifesto and Capital

  21. Karl Marx(1818-1883)

  22. Friederich Engels(1820-1895)

  23. Marxism • All human history based on economics • Who controls the means of production? • Humanity divided into classes • Bourgeoisie • Proletariat

  24. Marxism • Class conflict • New social order would replace capitalism • Marxism gains in popularity across Europe

  25. Conclusion • Industrial Revolution made radical changes in European society during the nineteenth century • Laissez-fare capitalism determines relationship between workers and owners • Different approaches emerge to meet challenge of industrialization • Marxism offered attractive solution for workers

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