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Sound Junior Science: Physics

Sound Junior Science: Physics. Revised Science Syllabus Extract. Learning Outcomes for 3B5 and 3B 6. On completion of this section, students should be able to. OP40 show that sound is a form of energy, and understand that sound is produced by vibrations .

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Sound Junior Science: Physics

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  1. Sound Junior Science: Physics

  2. Revised Science Syllabus Extract

  3. Learning Outcomes for 3B5 and 3B6 On completion of this section, students should be able to OP40show that sound is a form of energy, and understand that sound is produced by vibrations OP41show that sound transmission requires a medium and echoes are reflected sound

  4. Learning Outcomes for 3B5 and 3B6 On completion of this section, students should be able to: OP42 understand that the ear detects sound vibrations and that exposure to very loud sounds can cause damage to the hearing OP43 recall that the speed of sound is less than the speed of light OP44 explain the time lag between seeing and hearing the same event

  5. Equipment and Resources • Shatter resistant rulers • Bell jar, sound source – alarm clock, vacuum pump

  6. Sound Can you guess what these sounds are? Beluga Whale Shrimp

  7. SOUND What is sound? • Sound energy can be converted into other energy forms • Sound is a form of energy

  8. Sound energy Sound energy Kinetic Energy

  9. Sound energy (contd.) Sound energy can be converted into other energy forms Sound energy Electrical energy

  10. How is sound created? Sound is created when objects vibrate

  11. Vibrations • Sound is produced by vibrations of the air molecules • A sound wave is just a moving pattern of changes in air pressure

  12. What is a sound wave? Sound wave Vibrating ruler Compression Pressure Rarefaction Time

  13. Transmission of sound • Sound requires a medium in order to be transmitted • Sound can be transmitted through a solid, liquid or gas • Sound cannot travel in a vacuum

  14. Non-mandatory experiment to showSound needs a medium in which to travel

  15. What are echoes? • Sound can be reflected off surfaces • Echoes are sounds that are reflected from a surface • Sound reflection can be used to calculate distance

  16. How do bats use sound? Echolocation

  17. What is the speed of sound? • Speed of sound differs in different materials • Speed of sound in air at average temperatures and average pressure is approximately 340m/s

  18. Speed of sound (contd.) • Sound does not travel through all materials at the same speed • Sound travels through water at approximately 1500m/s • Sound travels through iron at approximately 6000m/s

  19. The speed of sound and the speed of light • Speed of sound is much smaller than the speed of light • Speed of sound • 350m/s • Speed of light • 300 000 000m/s • Calculate the distance by counting the seconds

  20. Seeing an event before we hear it • Fireworks • Waves crashing on a beach in the distance

  21. How do humans create sound? • Sound is produced by air rushing from your lungs past your vibrating vocal chords • These vibrations caused fluctuations in the rushing air, which formed a sound wave

  22. How do we hear sound? • The vibrations travel through the air to our ears • Our eardrums vibrate with the sound • The vibrations are passed on through the ear, changed to electrical energy and transmitted to the brain • The brain then interprets and gives the sound meaning

  23. Can you guess what these sounds are? Sound Frog Humpback whale

  24. Hearing Damage How much sound causes permanent damage? 140 1 minute 120 15 minutes 100 80 Below this level (70dB) – hearing damage negligible 60 40 20 0 dB

  25. Sound Level is measured in Decibels

  26. Noise Protection • Mandatory ear protection • Ear muffs or ear plugs • Required in certain work environments where sound > 70dB

  27. Assessment of student understanding • Combination of homework and a class quiz Homework • An automatic focus camera is able to focus on objects by use of an ultrasonic sound wave. The camera sends out sound waves which reflect off distant objects and return to the camera. A sensor detects the time it takes for the waves to return and then determines the distance an object is from the camera. If a sound wave (speed = 340 m/s) returns to the camera 0.150 seconds after leaving the camera, how far away is the object?

  28. Class Quiz - Sound • What is sound? • Give an example of sound energy being converted into another energy form? • How is sound produced? • What does sound need in order to be transmitted? • Why is there no sound in a vacuum? • What is an echo? • What is name used for the technique whereby some animals use sound for location? • What is the approximate speed of sound in air?

  29. Class Quiz – Sound (contd.) • The speed of sound in air can change with changes in __________ and ___________ ? • Through which of the following materials would sound travel faster (a) air, (b) water (c) iron • Why does sound travel faster in iron than in air? • During a storm a person hears the thunder before seeing the lightening, Why? • Why do people who work in noisy environments wear ear protection?

  30. BIBLIOGRAPHY • Websites • http://www.acoustics.salford.ac.uk/schools/lesson4/flash/waves1.swf • http://www.colorado.edu/physics/phet/web-pages/simulations-base.html • http://www.coolnotions.com/AGifs/AGifs.htm • http://www.findsounds.com/ISAPI/search.dll • http://www.gifanimations.com/action/ImageDisplay?group=2&category=155&index=29&dir=stay • http://www.harrythecat.com/graphics/b.html

  31. BIBLIOGRAPHY (contd.) • Http://www.juniorscience.ie • http://www.oceanlink.island.net/oinfo/acoustics/AcousticAccomplish.html#Anchor-The-49575 • http://www.partnersinrhyme.com/soundfx/carsoundfx.shtml • http://www.physics.brown.edu/physics/demopages/Demo/waves/demo/3b3030.htm • http://science.howstuffworks.com/hearing1.htm • http://www.sounddogs.com/searchresults.asp • Textbook – Exploring Science , 2003 O’Callaghan, M., Reilly, S. and Seery A., The Educational Company

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