HERBS

1. HERBS

2. HERBS In general use, herbs are any plants used for flavoring, food, medicine, or perfume. Culinary use typically distinguishes herbs as referring to the leafy green parts of a plant (either fresh or dried), from a "spice", a product from another part of the plant (usually dried), including seeds, berries, bark, roots and fruits. In botanical English the word "herb" is also used as a synonym of "herbaceous plant". Herbs have a variety of uses including culinary, medicinal, and in some cases spiritual usage. General usage of the term "herb" differs between culinary herbs andmedicinal herbs. In medicinal or spiritual use any of the parts of the plant might be considered "herbs", including leaves, roots, flowers, seeds, resin, root bark, inner bark (and cambium), berries and sometimes the pericarp or other portions of the plant.

3. SRI LANKAN AURVEDIC PLANT “NIKA” (VITEXNEGUNDO)

4. INTRODUCTION SCIENTIFIC NAME: “VITEX NEGUNDO” FAMILY NAME: “VERBENACEAE” ENGLISH NAME: “ CHINESE CHASTE TREE” LOCAL NAME: “ NIKA/SUDU NIKA/NIL NIKA” DESCRIPTION: “Large shrub or small,aromatic tree up to 8m tall; leaves “decussate –opposite; petioles 2.5-6 cm long; leaflets “ regularly 3 or 3-5, rarely1; “Leaflets all distinctly petiolate 1.5-4 cm wide;corolla blue “ or pale blue to lavender pink, or sometimes white ;fruit “ globose or sub-globose to subovoid ,3-5.5 mm long and “ wide, gabrous , purple or black. STATUS: “Native” EDIBLE PARTS: “None”

5. AYURVEDIC USES • WOUNDS • SORES • SINUNSES • FLATULENCE • INFLAMMATION • RHEUMATISM • SWELLINGS • HEADACHES • CATARACT • SNAKE BITES • COMA • STUPOR • TARANTULA BITES • COUGHS • ASTHMA • FEVERS • SWELLINGS • GENERAL PAINS • LEPROSY

6. PARTS USED IN TREATMENT • LEAVES • BARK • FRUIT • ROOT RELATED MEDICINAL PROPERTIES • DIURETIC • VERMIFUGE • PACIFIES VITIATED VATHA AND PITTA DOSHAS

7. SOIL TYPE REQUIRED THE NIKA TREE REQUIRES LIGHT(SANDY) AND MEDIUM SOILS. IT PREFERS WELL-DRAINED SOIL AND CAN GROW IN NUTRITIONALLY POOR SOIL.IT ALSO PREFERS DRY OR MOIST SOIL. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS PLANTS TOLERATE TEMPERATURE DOWN TO ABOUT 10 DEGREE.CELSIUS.THEY REQUIRE ABUNDANT SUNSHINE IN ORDER TO RIPEN THEIR WOOD FULLY. THE WELL-RIPENED IS MORE FROST RESISTANT.THEY ARE SHELTERED FROM COLD DRYING WINDS.

8. Presentation Compiled by: Pamela Ghosh Samarpita Ghosh

9. GANGASOORIYA TREE -THESPESIAPOPULNEA

10. SCIENTIFIC NAME OF GANSOORIYA: Thespesia populnea PLANT TYPE: A fast growing small tree or large shrub. It generally reaches a height of 30 feet with a spread of 12 feet. The shiny green leaves are generally oval or triangular in shape and range in size from 2 to 12 inches long. The hibiscus-like 2 to 3 inch flowers are yellow with a maroon center. GANSOORIYA TREE OF SRI LANKA

11. AREAS : Native to Sri Lanka and India The plant is commonly found in forest borders, woodland and tropical areas in Sri Lanka. CLIMATE: In a garden situation in a sub tropical or tropical area, this plant grows quite quickly into a tree.

12. These vary from use as a food plant or for medicine to use of the timber for craft. The plant also produces rope and dye and is used as a shade tree and as a windbreak. The leaf and flower buds are said to be edible raw or cooked. The seeds are applied to scabies and other skin diseases, and are rubbed on swollen joints. The yellowish juice extracted from young fruits is used to treat insect bites, gonorrhoea, ringworm, and migraine headache , and is also used for fistula, psoriasis, scabies, sprains, and wart removal. . USES

13. PRESENTATION MADE BY: MADHUMANTI GUPTA ASMITA GUPTA ANTARA MONDAL SHREYASHI MUKHERJEE DOLLY JAIN SANJANI GUPTA MOUTULI

14. PAWATTA -ADATHODA VASICA

15. Binomial Name: Adathoda vasica Kingdom:Plantae Division:Angiosperms Class:Eudicots Order:Lamiales Family:Acanthaceae Genus:Justica Species: J.adathoda English name -: Malabar nuts Description-It is a shrub with lance-shaped leaves 10 to 15 cm in length 4cm in width. PAWATTA

16. Conditions for growth Pawettaindicagrows mainly on rocky outcrops and hillsides but also on flats, often on dry sandy soil. It is often found in forests, riverine forests, on forest margins and in bush clumps from sea level to mountain slopes and ravines or more open savannas, whereas some species are almost always associated with rocky situations or with large rocks and boulders . It grows in humid condition.

17. MEDICINAL USES • Pawatta leaf is used for preparation of expectorant and antispasmodic syrup for remedy of congestion in the respiratory system, chronic bronchitis, influenza and bronchial asthma. • It has an anti malarial activity. • It is also used in the treatment of cough, Hematemesis and Hemorrhoids. By-Krittika,Akoparna,Mohona,Ankita,Koushiki,Pubali,Swarnali

18. POLPALA PLANT BY-Ananya,Udita,Zeenat,Nandini, Sakshi,Neha ,Atashri

19. ABOUT POLPALA (Aerva Lanata) PLANT Botanical name - Aerva lanataEnglish name -Balipoovu Srilankan name -PolpalaDescription -Annual herb, 60-75 cm tall, often woody at base ; stems green, erect or prostrate, with numerous, slender, cylindrical, more or less cottony, hairy branches leaves simple, alternate, 1.2-2.5 cm long, 0.9-2.5 cm broad, oval or spathulate-oval.

20. Clayey light or heavy soil Slightly acidic or slightly alkaline Rich deep soil with lots of compost and drainage They are found in the deciduous forests and also in the plains. They are wide spread in the tropics and suptropics . Plains from the coast to 1200m. They need tropical climate. They are perennial. SOIL TYPE AND CLIMATE FOR POLPALA PLANT

21. MEDICINAL USE OF POLPALA (Aerva Lanata) PLANT Aerva lanata, known as polpala in Sri Lanka, is a medicinal plant belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. It is widely spread in the drier parts of the tropics and the sub tropics of the world. Aerva lanata is commonly described in Ayurveda as a diuretic with anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, anti-bacterial and mild analgesic effects. It is used in the treatment of lithiasis, cough, asthma, and headache and as an antidote for rat poisoning. This herb is used as a decoction or as an herbal tea with or without other herbs in Ayurveda. It is believed that long-term ingestion of Aerva lanata is harmful, as it has adverse effects on the urinary tract. Alkaloids, terpenoids, sterols, several flavonoid glycosides and polyphenols had been isolated from Aerva lanataby researchers in Russia and India. Chemical composition of the different components of this herb is said to be different.The compounds β-sitosterol, campesterol and chrysin have been isolated from Aerva lanata plants in Egypt and β-sitosterol , daucosterol, syringic acid, vanillic acid, feruloyltyramine and feruloylhomovanillylamine from plants in Russia.