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Chapter 23: Industrialization and nationalism

Lesson 1: The Industrial Revolution. Chapter 23: Industrialization and nationalism. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Began in 1780’s Several reasons behind it 1. Agricultural Revolution 2. Increased population 3. Increased capital 4. Natural Resources (Examples)

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Chapter 23: Industrialization and nationalism

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  1. Lesson 1: The Industrial Revolution Chapter 23: Industrialization and nationalism

  2. Industrial Revolution in Great Britain • Began in 1780’s • Several reasons behind it • 1. Agricultural Revolution • 2. Increased population • 3. Increased capital • 4. Natural Resources (Examples) • 5. Supply of markets for goods (Examples)

  3. The Cotton Industry • Inventions that improved industry • Spinning Jenny (1764-Hargreaves) • Water powered loom (1787-Cartwright) • Steam engine (1782-Watt) • Use of cottage industry (creation of cotton in rural homes) • Cotton production increased from 2.5 million pounds (1760) to 366 million pounds a year (1840) • Established a factory system • Workers used to working long hours trained to work a schedule each day

  4. Coal and Iron • Iron • Puddling • Coke used to burn away impurities • Creating pig iron • Stronger version of iron • England produced 70,000 tons a year • By 1852, up to 3 million tons a year • Coal • Main source of power for steam engine • Used to help create iron

  5. Railroads • Trevithick: built first locomotive (1804) • Went only 5 miles per hour while carrying people/cargo • 1830: The Rocket • Went 16 miles per hour • By 1850, Trains going 50mph • Railroads covered 6,000miles of land by 1850 • Provided jobs for peasants and laborers • Cheaper travel led to lower prices for goods and increased capital

  6. The Spread of Industrialization • England industrialized by 1850 • Belgium, Germany, and France followed • Countries were connected by the railroads • US began industrialization in mid 1800’s • US population skyrocketed • Fulton’s steamboat provided new source of travel (Clermont) • Railroads covered 30,000 miles by 1860 (Mainly in North)

  7. Social Impact of Industrialization • Population growth • 1750: 140 million (in Europe) • 1850: 260 million • Decline in death rates (Why?) • Urbanization • Growth of cities • People moved to cities for factory work

  8. Social Impact of Industrialization • New Social Classes • Industrial capitalism • Economic system based on production and manufacturing • Created the industrial middle class • Built factories, bought machines, developed markets • Industrial working class • Worked 16 hours a day, 6 days a week • No worker’s comp, unemployment benefits, insurance, poor factory conditions, no minimum wage • Factory Act of 1833: age 9 is minimum age to work, limited working hours for children

  9. Social Impact of Industrialization • Socialism • Economic system • Government controls and owns means of production • Utopian socialists • Robert Owen: New Lanark, Scotland • Creating cooperative communities

  10. Nationalism and Political Revolutions Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism

  11. Europe in the 1830’s • Liberalism and Nationalism drive out old regimes and bring in new government • France • Charles X • Censored the press and removed voting rights • Overthrown and replaced by Louis-Philippe • Belgium- Broke away from Dutch Republic • Italy- Attempted Independence • Austria maintained control • Poland- Attempted Independence • Brought down by the Russians

  12. 1848: Year of Revolutions • France • Louis-Philippe maintained strict control and limited voting rights • French radicals overthrew him and wanted to set up republic • Provisional Government • Universal male suffrage • Provided work for unemployed • Caused the country to near bankruptcy • Led to closure of unemployment and violence

  13. 1848: Year of Revolutions • France • The Second Republic (11/4/1848) • Universal male suffrage • A president chosen by the people (4 year term) • Nephew of Napoleon won 1st election

  14. 1848: Year of Revolutions • Germany • Frankfurt Assembly • Wanted to establish limited monarchy with parliament • Election by universal male suffrage • Why it failed • Frederick William IV of Prussia turned down the throne which left Germans with no leader and therefore their constitution was null and void

  15. 1848: Year of Revolutions • Austria • An empire made up of different nationalities • Germans made up small portion of empire but had lots of power • Revolts took place across the empire • Capital city was overtaken (wanted liberal legislature) • In response: Hungary given own legislature • Russian troops came in to help regain order and remove all rebels • Czechs lost any chance of Legislature • Hungarians lost theirs too

  16. 1848: Year of Revolutions • Italy • Lombardy and Venetian territories try to overthrow Austrian control • Looked to create liberal constitutions and unify Italy • Efforts failed

  17. Nationalism, Unification, and Reform Chapter 23: Industrialization and Nationalism

  18. The Crimean War • Russia vs. Ottoman Empire • Winner gets the Balkans • Russia: Needed it for naval supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean • Ottoman Empire: In a major decline and failure would probably cripple empire • 1853 • Russia invades Moldavia and Walachia • Great Britain and France declare war on Russia • War was a disaster and peace treaty sought quickly

  19. Unification of Nations • Italy

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