‘Water and Energy’ Time for solutions: from risk to resource 30 April 2014 Palestinian Water Authority Coastal Municip

1. ‘Water and Energy’ Time for solutions: from risk to resource 30 April 2014 Palestinian Water Authority Coastal Municipalities Water Utility

2. Presentation Roadmap Situation Overview Water & Energy Needs in Gaza Fragility of System & Capacity to Respond to Emergencies The Cost: Human, Financial, Operational, Environmental Bottlenecks & Barriers Water Sector Strategy Solutions and Priorities

3. GAZA Erez Crossing Point 6 nautical miles (horizon) Effective since April 2006 • 1.8 million inhabitants,half of them children,in 378 km2 • One of the highest population densities in the world (4,726 persons per km2) • Closure since 2007 = deteriorating humanitarian situation Nahal Oz Crossing Point Karni Crossing Point Sufa Crossing Point Rafah Crossing Point Kerem Shalom Crossing Point

4. Gaza De-Development 41.5% Unemployment 39% Poverty 57% Food Insecure 80% Aid Recipients Movement of people and goods severely restricted Approx. 95% of groundwater not fit to drink, 90 million litres of sewage discharged into sea daily No access to one-third of arable land, and two-thirds of fishing grounds Import of most construction, raw materials & spare parts restricted This negatively impacts people’s ability to pay utility bills (average of 39% pay), and the sustainabilityof water & sanitation services to cover annual operation and maintenance costs of $30 million. Compounded by energy crisis: Blackouts Risk of raw sewage flooding residential areas Health, water and sanitation services operating on strained back-up generators

5. Water Crisis in Gaza Gaza Strip relies on underlying portion of Coastal aquifer as only water source Over-extraction results source in intrusion of seawater Causes excessive chloride levels so water is too salty to drink

6. Water Supply / Demand Imbalance Deficit of 147MCM/y • Resources =61MCM/y • Safe yield abstraction (55 MCM/y) • Desalination (1MCM/y) • Imported from Israel (5MCM/y) • Demand = 208 MCM/y • Domestic water (134MCM/y) • Agricultural usage (74MCM/y) Water Resource Management Water over extraction leads to water quality deterioration

7. Energy represents the largest controllable cost of providing water or wastewater services to the public Estimated Energy cost: Now vs. Full Electricity Supply for water & sanitation in Gaza Total Cost Now: $14.94 M

8. Energy needs for water and sanitation facilities 2012 to 2020

9. Fragility of system negatively impacts ability to prepare for and respond to emergencies in terms of: Repairs and maintenance Infrastructure Staff readiness Management Contingency Planning and Response

10. Cumulative Humanitarian Impact of Energy Crisis in terms of Water and Sanitation Reduced water supply to households (summer)15% supplied every day, 25% once every 4 days, 40% once every 3 days, 20% every 2 days; supply cycles last 5-6 hours. Reduced supply in desalinated water for drinking (summer)60% drop in volume of water produced by 25 desalination units operated by CMWU, which supply ~160,000 people, forcing them to purchase water from unregulated and biologically questionable vendors.

11. Cumulative Humanitarian Impact of Energy Crisis in terms of Water and Sanitation Flooding of sewage pumping stations (winter)Failure and increasing inability to operate pumps resulted in flooding from sewage pumping; sewage pumping stations divert sewage to open channels, the sea or storm water lagoons. Flooding of storm water mixed with sewage (winter)

12. Cumulative Humanitarian Impact of Energy Crisis in terms of Water and Sanitation • Release of 90 million liters of raw and • partially treated wastewater into • the sea every day (year round)

13. Recap of Bottlenecks & Barriers Lack of adequate water resources Current supply of energy is insufficient and unsustainable Delayed entry of materials and restricted import of most construction raw materials and spare parts of materials Restricted movement of persons to enable update of human technical knowledge and skills Allocated budgets tend to focus on meeting immediate humanitarian needs at expense of developing sustainable mid-to-longer term solutions

14. Water Sector Strategy & Investment Plan Comparative Study of Options (CSO), Gaza 2011:

15. Gap in Capital Investment

16. The Cost of Inaction: Gaza in 2020 1. Aquifer is irreversibly damaged 2. No water resource is available 3. Serious public health risks 4. No food security (very limited agricultural activities) Gaza Population Livelihood Threatened

17. STLV Desalination (13 MCM per year) $52 million total cost; $28M committed. Gap: $24M Import of Materials and Movement of Persons Requires advocacy to ease entry restrictions Import Additional Water from Israel (16 MCM per year) Pipeline in place; requires advocacy to open valve Regional Desalination and Associated Work (55 MCM per year) System configuration and upgrade (requires entry of materials) $466 million total cost; $245.5M pledged; $5.5M committed. Gap: $217M Waste Water Treatment integrated into Waste Water Re-use $226 million total cost; $174M committed. Gap: $52M Required to initiate waste water re-use pilot Operational & Maintenance Costs. $30 million. Gap: $18M Summary of Key Actions for Water & Sanitation

18. Build additional electrical infrastructure to import electricity from Israel (100MW). Gap: $25million ($11M in Gaza; $14M in Israel) Build additional electrical infrastructure to import electricity from Egypt(150MW, up to 300MW after 3 years). Requires advocacy Gap: $160million ($60M in Gaza; $100M in Egypt) Increase amount of electricity coming through existing regional grid from Egypt from 28MW to 48MW Upgrade Gaza Power Plant from diesel (1.7 NIS/KWh) to natural gas (0.35 NIS/KWh) Existing plant can run on natural gas but requires new pipeline Cost: $32million (can be built in 8 months) Summary of Key Actions for Energy

19. Thank you! Towards a collective partnership for sustainable WASH services