Chapter 3 Section 1

1. Chapter 3 Section 1 The Shape of the Land

2. Mt. Kilimanjaro • Made from hot ash and melted rock • 19,340 ft over Tanzania (snow covered)

3. A Vast Continent • Second largest continent • 3 times the size of the U.S • Africa could hold the land occupied by China, India, Europe, Argentina, New Zealand and the continental United States, with room to spare!

4. Location • Between two major oceans • (To the west is the Atlantic Ocean and East lies the Indian Ocean)(Mediterranean Sea in the North and Red Sea in the Northeast) • Placed in the center of world transportation routes.

5. Regions • Regions • Main regions: North Africa, West Africa, East Africa, Central and Southern Africa.

7. Landforms • Most is a vast plateau • Towards the coast , the land drops sharply • Escarpments, or steep cliffs, divide the plateau from the coastal plain • Discouraged early Europeans who tried to explore • cataracts

8. Rivers • Provide fish, water for irrigation, transportation • Hydroelectric power • Energy produced by running water

9. What’s this?

10. The Nile • Longest in the world • Until recently, flooded each year • Deposited silt in the River Valley, adding nutrients to the soil • Technology changed the flooding • construction of the Aswan Dam in the 1960's meant that from 1970 the annual flood was controlled.

11. Natural Resources • Africa’s rivers are a source of precious metals • Mined • Unevenly distributed • ex)oil • Sudan and Nigeria are two of the main oil producers. China owns 40% of Sudan's oil production. Oil is provided by both continental and offshore productions. Sudan's oil exports in2010 are estimated by US State Department at $9 billion with United States dollars. • Much of Africa is not fertile and uncertain rainfall often makes farming difficult.