SPS-related Barriers Faced by Cambodian Exporters in East Asian Countries Dourng Kakada Economic Institute of Cambodia

1. SPS-related Barriers Faced by Cambodian Exporters in East Asian Countries Dourng Kakada Economic Institute of Cambodia (EIC) June 26th-27th,2006 Hainan, China

2. Content • Cambodia’s Overview • Cambodian Export Profile • SPS Issues in Cambodia: The weakness • Case Studies

3. Cambodia’s Overview • Population: 13.9 Million in 2005 • Economic growth: 6~7% per annum • Poverty rate: 35% in 2004 • Least Developed Country (LDC) • GDP/capita: US$ 390 in 2005 • Receiving GSP schemes from developed/developing countries

4. Cambodian Export Profile (1) • Total recorded merchandise exports: US$ 1.1 billion in 2000 and US$ 2.4 billion in 2005 • Cambodian merchandise exports are limited in terms of Export Directions…….. Sources: Ministry of Economy and Finance

5. Cambodian Export Profile (2) • ……….And in terms of Export Products Source: Ministry of Economy and Finance • Informal exports of agricultural products are significant

6. SPS Issues in Cambodia: The weakness (1) • Weak Capacity of Institutional Certification/Conformity Assessment • No laboratory is accredited by international standard bodies such as ISO, APLAC, EA…ect. • Inadequate capacity of laboratory to meet requirements of some importing countries

7. SPS Issues in Cambodia: The weakness (2) • Lack of private investment in certification services • Small market size • Few agents operating certification services • Inadequate capacity of export firm to meet SPS requirements • Facilities • Management (e.g. Flow chart)

8. Case Studies

9. Case Study #1: Rice’s Access to Chinese Markets With concerns of pests and diseases to be imported into its country: • China requested documents for risk analysis and assessment (1) • China dispatched expert group to conduct field inspection in Cambodia (2) ►The ability of rice to access to Chinese markets is based on above assessments

10. Documents requested for risk analysis and assessment (1) • Information about the plant and/or the product being tested including general name, scientific name, variety and class. • Information about the producing area of the product indicating the province, city and area, showing the product location on the national map with associated acreage. • Information about field management, growing and harvest times. • Information about pests and diseases involved including the general and scientific names, distribution, plants with parasites, harm-stricken parts of the plant, harm season, the supervision and inspection system, an impact statement on economy and biology. • Information of plant protection such as the method and effect of protection adopted, the description and frequency of chemicals used for protection. • Risk management measures for harmful plants including import & export inspection and quarantine law, processes and standards. • Information of the organization system of Inspection and Quarantine Bureau from central administration to local government, as well as its responsibility; the institution which is used as the inspection and quarantine lab is included. • Information of ongoing procedures, organisation relating to the Issuance of Certificate of Inspection and Quarantine, and a copy of the Certificate.

11. Results of Field Inspection (2) • Capacity of Phytosanitary Laboratory is not yet satisfied • Inadequate capacity of Border Phytosanitary Authority • Facilities • Staff • Inadequate Facility/Management of Export Firms • Processing facilities • Quality Management

12. Case #2: Black Pepper’s access to Japanese Markets • Black pepper is not accessible to Japanese markets due to the requirement of a certificate of sterilisation

13. Thanks for Your Attention!