Background Session #2 Transcription Genetic Code Translation May 17, 2008

1. Background Session #2Transcription Genetic Code TranslationMay 17, 2008 Henrik Kibak Associate Professor of Biology California State University, Monterey Bay

2. Transcription & Translation DNA RNA  Protein May 17th Workshop

3. Transcription & Translation May 17th Workshop

4. Review of Transcription May 17th Workshop

5. Review of Transcription (Prokaryotes) May 17th Workshop

6. Review of Transcription May 17th Workshop

7. Review of Transcription Genes and RNA transcripts differ in length! May 17th Workshop

8. Review of Transcription May 17th Workshop

9. Review of Translation May 17th Workshop

10. Review of Translation May 17th Workshop

11. Review of Genetic Code May 17th Workshop

12. Amino Acid Review Two of the most important properties of amino acids are their size and “hydrophobicity,” or oilyness. The more hydrophobic a residue, the more hydrogen-bond forming molecules such as water force the residue away. This causes proteins to fold with their non-polar residues in, away from water… or to become embedded in the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. May 17th Workshop

13. Review of Genetic Code May 17th Workshop

14. Review of Genetic Code May 17th Workshop

15. DNA and Protein Sequences • ATGGAACTTATTAAAGAAGATAATGCT May 17th Workshop

16. DNA and Protein Sequences • ATGGAACTTATTAAAGAAGATAATGCT M E L I K E D N A May 17th Workshop

17. DNA and Protein Sequences M E L I K E D N A ATGGAACTTATTAAAGAAGATAATGCT ATGGAGTTCATCAAGGAGGACAACGCC ATGGAGTTAATAAAAGAAGATAATGCA ATGGAGTTGATTAAAGAAGATAATGCG Met Glu Leu Ile Lys Glu Asp Asn Ala M E L I K E D N A ATG GAA CTT ATT AAA GAA GAT AAT GCT G T C C G G C C C A A A G G May 17th Workshop

18. Review of Genetic Code May 17th Workshop

19. mRNA  Protein HumanCytochrome c mRNA Translated to Protein M G D V E K G K K I F I M K C S Q C H T AUG GGU GAU GUU GAG AAA GGC AAG AAG AUU UUU AUU AUG AAG UGU UCC CAG UGC CAC ACC V E K G G K H K T G P N L H G L F G R K GUU GAA AAG GGA GGC AAG CAC AAG ACU GGG CCA AAU CUC CAU GGU CUC UUU GGG CGG AAG T G Q A P G Y S Y T A A N K N K G I I W ACA GGU CAG GCC CCU GGA UAC UCU UAC ACA GCC GCC AAU AAG AAC AAA GGC AUC AUC UGG G E D T L M E Y L E N P K K Y I P G U K GGA GAG GAU ACA CUG AUG GAG UAU UUG GAG AAU CCC AAG AAG UAC AUC CCU GGA ACA AAA M I F V G I K K K E E R A D L I A Y L K AUG AUC UUU GUC GGC AUU AAG AAG AAG GAA GAA AGG GCA GAC UUA AUA GCU UAU CUC AAA K A T N E - AAA GCU ACU AAU GAG UAA May 17th Workshop

20. Introns, Exons, & Untranslated Regions >Cytochrome c somatic range=chr7:25129845-25131480 AGGGCGCGGGAGCGCGGAGCGAGTTTGGTTGCACTTACACCGGTACTTAA GCGCGGACCGGCGTGTCCTTGGACTTAGAGAGTGGGGACGTCCGGCTTCG GAGCGGGAGTGTTCGTTGTGCCAGCGACTAAAAAGAGgtgagagcgggtc gcggaggccgcacctggttagaggcagagctgtgggaggcgcgcacttgc gagcgaccgaaacccaagcggggagcattcgagtggagcccgcgctgggt gggagggcggggagtgaagaccctggactgtggtcagaccgagctgggcg agtaacggcttgaggtgcggcggagccctaactagggacaggtatggtct cggtcagggactggaggcggcttggatacagatccgaggaggaggcggcc tcttccgtagtggttgctgaagggctatggaaatgataggcaagacttcc ctcctggaaagccgaagcttagagcttcacgttcttcttcagagggcaaa agctgttgctcttctaataaggggccagttcttttcgtgggcacatgttt cttccgtcagtcgttctgacatcctagaaggagtttcatcaatcaccttg aaaccgacctggacgggtgacctcgtggtcgccccaggagatcacaggta ggggagttgggatgtccccgggggaccgtgcagcctgcccctgagctccc attcacaagttcgagtgtcaagctactcctgtgacctgggcagatagaaa cagccaggaccgctttttaaacatttgtgtgctttgcgttatcctcaggg agaggtggctttacattgtagtaagattaaatggttaggtctttttaaaa gttgcggttgtggtgattttggcttaatgtgttcgcccttgagcttcaga tctgtgacttcgtgaccatgattgtctcttctgaaactggagtttgaatt aggttccctctttgcttgggctttaacgttccttcacgtatacacacaaa aatacgtttttgaggaggtactcctaaaaatgtttttggtattaaagaat atttggtataaagagtattaaagcaaaacaagattcattctggtatttaa tgacataaattagcaatggattggtaattaagtggctagagtggtcattc atttacactgtatttgttacctgaggaaaaatttactaagttgaagcttt cgtttttagAATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTT ATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAA GACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCC CTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAGgtaagagtcacttg ttaaataaaacaacacaaaatgcaggaatataacatgtggcaaactatca ggagtgtgaaataaccgatgcattctttcttgtttagGCATCATCTGGGG AGAGGATACACTGATGGAGTATTTGGAGAATCCCAAGAAGTACATCCCTG GAACAAAAATGATCTTTGTCGGCATTAAGAAGAAGGAAGAAAGGGCAGAC TTAATAGCTTATCTCAAAAAAGCTACTAATGAGTAA Actual gene sequence of Human Cytochrome c including introns and 5’ untranslated region taken directly from chromosome 7 genomic sequence. The blue portion of sequence becomes the mature mRNA (some 3’ untranslated sequence left off for clarity). May 17th Workshop

21. Reading Frames cgtttttag AATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTT ATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAA GACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCC CTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAG gtaagagtcacttg May 17th Workshop

22. Reading Frames cgtttttagAATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTT ATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAA GACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCC CTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAGgtaagagtcacttg ttaaataaaacaacacaaaatgcaggaatataacatgtggcaaactatca ggagtgtgaaataaccgatgcattctttcttgtttagGCATCATCTGGGG AGAGGATACACTGATGGAGTATTTGGAGAATCCCAAGAAGTACATCCCTG GAACAAAAATGATCTTTGTCGGCATTAAGAAGAAGGAAGAAAGGGCAGAC TTAATAGCTTATCTCAAAAAAGCTACTAATGAGTAA If we translate the whole segment we get no open reading frames…. May 17th Workshop

23. Open Reading Frames are Rare… (so they probably indicate a gene). AATTAAATATGGGTGATGTTGAGAAAGGCAAGAAGATTTTT ATTATGAAGTGTTCCCAGTGCCACACCGTTGAAAAGGGAGGCAAGCACAA GACTGGGCCAAATCTCCATGGTCTCTTTGGGCGGAAGACAGGTCAGGCCC CTGGATACTCTTACACAGCCGCCAATAAGAACAAAG GCATCATCTGGGG AGAGGATACACTGATGGAGTATTTGGAGAATCCCAAGAAGTACATCCCTG GAACAAAAATGATCTTTGTCGGCATTAAGAAGAAGGAAGAAAGGGCAGAC TTAATAGCTTATCTCAAAAAAGCTACTAATGAGTAA May 17th Workshop