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Homeland Security Opportunities Study 3 April 2013. DHS Mission, Goals, Priorities. Core missions Counterterrorism Border security Immigration enforcement Cyber security Resilience to disasters. . Secretary Napolitano Priorities March 2013: “DHS 3.0” Cyber Security Immigration
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Homeland Security Opportunities Study 3 April 2013
DHS Mission, Goals, Priorities • Core missions • Counterterrorism • Border security • Immigration enforcement • Cyber security • Resilience to disasters. • Secretary Napolitano PrioritiesMarch 2013: • “DHS 3.0” • Cyber Security • Immigration • Risk-based transportation and cargo security • Goals • DHS effectiveness, accountability, maturity • Ties to state, local, tribal, territorial, and private-sector partners • Cooperation with international partners
DHS Planning, Programming, Budgeting System National strategic framework for homeland security Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) • Core missions: • Counterterrorism • Border security • Immigration enforcement • Cyber security • Resilience to disasters. FEB 2010 • Goals: Improving: • DHS effectiveness, accountability, maturity • Ties to state, local, tribal, territorial, and private-sector partners • Cooperation with international partners Bottom Up Review (BUR) Initiatives to implement the QHSR. JUL 2010 Strategic Assessment Report Resource Allocation Decision Program Budget Decision Integrated Planning Guidance Threat and Vulnerability Assessment Resource Allocation Decision DHS Budget and FYSHP to OMB Program Executing Divisions S O N D J F M A M J J A S
DHS Opportunity Insight Sources Process owner: DHS Office of Policy Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) Budget Review Board Joint Requirements Council FEB 2010 Bottom Up Review (BUR) Historic Procurements JUL 2010 Strategic Assessment Report Resource Allocation Decision Program Budget Decision Integrated Planning Guidance X Threat and Vulnerability Assessment Resource Allocation Decision DHS Budget and FYSHP to OMB Program Executing Divisions S O N D J F M A M J J A S
Quadrennial Homeland Security Review • Security: Protect the United States and its people, vital interests, and way of life; • Resilience: Foster individual, community, and system robustness, adaptability, and capacity for rapid recovery • Customs and Exchange: Expedite and enforce lawful trade, travel, and immigration.
BUR 2010 OpportunitiesPreventing Terrorism and Enhancing Security (1)
BUR 2010 OpportunitiesPreventing Terrorism and Enhancing Security (2)
BUR 2010 OpportunitiesEnforcing and Administering Our Immigration Laws
FYHSP Future Years Homeland Security Program • De Jure • Content: budget year +4 plan articulates total DHS resources programmed by fiscal year • Updated 3 times per FY: • March, to reflect OE RAP submissions • August to reflect departmental decisions for the OMB budget and FYHSP submission • January to reflect the President’s Budget/FYHSP submission • Internal DHS document released only with DHS CFO permission; Congressional oversight committees receive a special publication with the President’s Budget submit • DHS Management Directive 1330 02/14/2005 De Facto “…Finally, the Department has failed to comply with nearly all of the statutory reporting requirements contained in Public Law 112–74.” “By flouting Congressional requirements, the Department is effectively disregarding the taxpayers’ right to see whether or not their scarce dollars are spent wisely.” Appropriations Committee report on the DHS FY13 appropriation. “OE” – Organization Element “RAP” – Resource Allocation Plan
DHS Procurements FY12-17 All Programs ($M) as of 2012 • DHS Opportunity Areas • Increase efforts to detect and counter nuclear and biological weapons and dangerous materials • Expand joint operations and intelligence capabilities, including enhanced domain awareness • Enhance the security and resilience of global trade and travel systems • Enhance North American security CBP Customs and Border Protection FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FLETC Federal Law Enforcement Training Center ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement TSA Transportation Security Agency USCG US Coast Guard USSS US Secret Service DHS Acquisition Planning Forecast System http://apfs.dhs.gov/ `
CBPFoundations • Formation: Legacy Agencies • U.S. Border Patrol • U.S. Customs Service • U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • U.S. Immigration and Naturalization • History • Congress establishes Customs • 1835Customs revenues reduce the national debt to zero. • 1862 U.S. Department of Agriculture created • 1891 Office of the Superintendent of Immigration established • 1904 U.S. Immigration Service is assigned a small force of mounted inspectors • Federal Horticultural Board created, leading to USDA Plant Protection and Quarantine Program • Congress establishes the U.S. Border Patrol • Immigration and Naturalization Service formed • Congress passes Customs Modernization Act; Operation Hold the Line established • CBP created • 2004 Air and marine personnel, missions, commitments, facilities, and assets transferred to CBP. • 2006 CBP creates Office of Air and Marine
CBPMission • “We are the guardians of our Nation’s borders. We are America’s frontline. We safeguard the American homeland at and beyond our borders. We protect the American public against terrorists and the instruments of terror. We steadfastly enforce the laws of the United States while fostering our Nation’s economic security through lawful international trade and travel. We serve the American public with vigilance, integrity and professionalism.” • 5,000 miles of border with Canada • 1,900 miles of border with Mexico • 95,000 miles of tidal shoreline • 329 ports of entry within 20 field offices • 139 Border Patrol stations within 20 Sectors, with 31permanent checkpoint • Day in the Life… • Processed • 932,456 passengers and pedestrians • 259,191 air passengers/crew • 48,073 ship passengers/crew • 621,874 land travelers • 64,483 containers • 253,821 privately-owned vehicles • Executed: • 591 inadmissiblesat the ports of entry • 932 apprehensions between the ports of entry • 470 refusals of entry at U.S. ports of entry • 61 arrests at U.S. ports of entry • Intercepted: 49 fraudulent documents • Seized: • 13,717 pounds of drugs • $345,687 in undeclared or illicit currency • 470 pests
CBP Opportunities • Opportunities • Back packable, ruggedized, high TRL tactical UAVS, launched in one minute. • Border tripwires, acoustic sensors to detect ultralights, and air-based wide area surveillance sensors. • Development of improved maritime situational awareness and information sharing capabilities for the USCG and CBP. • U.S./Canada sensor information sharing • Outlook and Emerging Needs • Spillover of Mexican drug cartel violence into the U.S. • Increasing influence of Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations (DTOs) over U.S.-based gangs • Increased Border Patrol mobility • Improved risk analysis • Improved situational awareness • Significant improvement in wide-area surveillance
TSAFoundations • Formation • Created Nov 2001 in the Aviation and Transportation Security Act. Three mandates: • Security for all modes of transportation; • Deploy Security Officers for 450 commercial airports from Guam to Alaska in 12 months; and, • Screen all checked luggage for explosives by December 31, 2002. History Congress creates TSA Moved from DOT to DHS
TSAMission “…protects the Nation’s transportation systems to ensure freedom of movement for people and commerce.” “TSA employs a risk-based strategy to secure U.S. transportation systems, working closely with stakeholders in aviation, rail, transit, highway, and pipeline sectors, as well as the partners in the law enforcement and intelligence community. The agency continuously sets the standard for excellence in transportation security through its people, processes, technologies and use of intelligence to drive operations. • 2011 Highlights • Screened more than 1.7 million passengers a day • Detected 1,100 firearms in carry-on bags in 2011. • Completed deployment of 500 advanced imaging technology machines • Screened 100% air cargo
TSAPrograms and Challenges • Grant Programs • Security grants to mass transit and passenger rail systems, intercity bus companies, freight railroad carriers, ferries and the trucking industry to help protect the public and nation’s critical transportation infrastructure against acts of terrorism and other large-scale events. • Law Enforcement Programs • Armed Security Officers • Canine & Explosives Detection • Crew Member Self-Defense • Federal Air Marshals • Federal Flight Deck Officers • Law Enforcement Officers Flying Armed • Security Programs • Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response (VIPR) • Travel Document Checker • Behavior Detection Officers (BDO) • Secure Flight • Federal Air Marshals (FAMs) • Federal Flight Deck Officer (FFDO) • Employee Screening • Checkpoint Screening Technology • Security Screening • Challenges • Demand growth in commercial carrier will increase from 712M emplanements in 2011 to 1B+ by 2021. • Credibility problem: Joint Transportation and Infrastructure and the Government Reform and Oversight Committees found • 5,700 pieces of security equipment in storage with a purchase value of $184 million, plus $3.5 million storage expense. • Backscatter technology acquired after 2009 Christmas bomb plot was poorly tested and remains banned in the EU.
TSAOutlook and Opportunities • Service contracts will dominate the U.S. screening technologies market FY2012-2015 as upgrades, training and maintenance requirements become more necessary to extend the systems’ endurance… FY2011 437.1M budget for U.S. airport screening technology investments will progressively decline. • Investment accounts should increase in 2016 to fund modernization. Future requirements will call for systems that are smaller, versatile — equipment that can stand-alone or in-line configurations — and can speed up throughput. • “TSA bureaucracy is large and improvident adding more difficulty to an already troubled budget process. A lack of faith in TSA procedures and government reports of mismanagement is prompting a move towards the privatization of screening.” • FY2011-2015 • Screening system service contracts: training, maintenance, upgrades • FY2016 -> • Screening system upgrades and replacement • Overall • Improved systems engineering, testing, validation. • Privatization of screening. • “Airport Insecurity: TSA’s Failure to Cost-Effectively Procure, Deploy and Warehouse its Screening Technologies, “ Joint Majority Staff Report, Joint Transportation and Infrastructure and the Government Reform and Oversight Committees, May 9, 2012 • “Airport Screening Technology Market to Shrink, Analyst Says,” John Hernandez, Analyst, Frost & Sullivan, August 2012
US Coast GuardFoundations • Formation • Title 14 USC: "The Coast Guard as established January 28, 1915, shall be a military service and a branch of the armed forces of the United States at all times.” • Operates under the authority of the Department of the Navy upon the declaration of war or when the President directs. • Guardians on active duty and in the Reserve are subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and receive the same pay and allowances as members of the same pay grades in the other four armed services. History 1790 Revenue-Marine (later renamed Revenue Cutter Service) created within the Treasury Department 1915 Revenue Cutter Service combines with the U.S. Lifesaving Service (est. 1848) to create the Coast Guard 1939 U.S. Lighthouse Service (est. 1789) added 1946 Steamboat Inspection Service (est. 1838) added 1967 Coast Guard transferred to Department of Transportation 2003 Coast Guard transferred to Department of Homeland Security
US Coast GuardMission • Ports, waterways, and coastal security • Drug interdiction • Aids to navigation • Search and rescue • Living marine resources • Marine safety • Defense readiness • Migrant interdiction • Marine environmental protection • Ice operations • Other law enforcement • Day in the Life… • 12 lives saved in 64 search and rescue cases • 842 pounds of cocaine seized • 116 buoys serviced • 720 commercial vessels screened • 183,000 crew and passengers screened • 173 credentials to issued merchant mariners • 13 marine accidents investigated • 68 containers inspected • 29 vessels inspected for air emissions compliance • 28 foreign vessels examined for safety and environmental compliance • Boards 13 fishing boats • 10 pollution incidents investigated
US Coast GuardEmerging UAS Requirement for Maritime Domain Awareness Persistent, wide area surveillance, detection, classification, and target identification functions and on-scene tactical communications. Coast Guard Leaders Get First Look at ScanEagle Small Unmanned Aircraft System On May 3, U.S. Coast Guard, Navy and congressional stakeholders gathered in Dahlgren, Va., to watch a fixed-wing aircraft take off without a pilot. The launch kicked off a technology demonstration phase for the ScanEagle small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS), which is scheduled to undergo more extensive demonstration this summer on one of the Coast Guard’s National Security Cutters (NSC)… “Although we are looking at the small UAS as an interim solution to a larger airframe with more sensor capability, the ScanEagle UAS testing from an NSC this summer will help us build the concept of operations and the tactics, techniques and procedures for future UAS operations…” “The service aims to augment its aviation fleet with land-based UAS to provide strategic, wide-area surveillance and cutter-based UAS to provide tactical, on-demand capability for National Security Cutters (NSC) and Offshore Patrol Cutters. A third small UAS—dubbed sUAS, which could provide an interim capability for NSCs until a robust cutter-based solution can be proven and acquired—is also under consideration.” “Both land- and cutter-based UAS are still in the preacquisition phase, with mission needs statements and concepts of operations in development.”
US Coast GuardUAS Opportunities • Platform opportunities • Land-based UAS • Cutter-based UAS • Small UAS (“interim”) • Capability opportunities • Larger airframes • Improved sensors • Analysis opportunities • Develop CONOPS • Develop TTP • Airspace integration • USCG 211 aircraft in inventory: • C-37A Gulfstream V • HC-144A The Ocean Sentry • HC-130J Super Hercules • HC-130H Hercules • HU-25 Guardian • HH/MH-65C Dolphin • MH-60J/T Jayhawk • High and Medium Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (HAEUAV)* • Vertical take-off-and-landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VUAV)* • * Resources still in development “I firmly believe that unmanned aerial systems have a future in the Coast Guard and we’re being very deliberate about this…We’re doing an awful lot of up-front research and development, and we’re partnering with agencies that have had extensive lessons learned in how to operate unmanned systems.” Capt. Austin Gould, Chief Coast Guard Research, Development Test and Evaluation (RDT&E) Program
FEMAFoundations • Formation • Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, PL 100-707, signed into law November 23, 1988; amended the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, PL 93-288. • The Homeland Security Act of 2002, November 25, 2002 PL 107-296. • Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (PKEMRA) PL 109–295 History 1803 Congress provides first assistance to a New Hampshire town following an extensive fire 1930s Reconstruction Finance Corporation Bureau of Public Roads authorized to provide funding for highways and bridges damaged by natural disasters. Flood Control Act passed. 1962 Hurricane Carla 1964 Alaskan Earthquake 1965 Hurricane Betsy 1968 National Flood Insurance Act 1969 Hurricane Camille 1971 San Fernando Earthquake 1972 Hurricane Agnes Disaster Relief Act President Carter creates FEMA 2003 FEMA joins DHS
FEMAMission “…To support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards.” Coordinates the federal government's role in preparing for, preventing, mitigating the effects of, responding to, and recovering from all domestic disasters, whether natural or man-made, including acts of terror. • 2011 Highlights • 98 major disaster declarations • 26 emergency declarations • 112 fire management assistance grant (FMAG) declarations • Joplin, Missouri tornado • Hurricane • North Dakota flood • National Disaster Recovery Framework released • $2.9B grants released • National Flood Insurance Program review • “Great Central U.S. Shakeout” drill • First national Emergency Alert System test
FEMAPlans and Priorities 2011 – 2014 Strategic Plan Foster a Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management Nationally …[to] build preparedness and resilience. Build the Nation's Capacity to Stabilize and Recover From a Catastrophic Event …within 72 hours, restore basic services and community functionality within 60 days, and recover from the long-term effects of the event within five years. Build Unity of Effort and Common Strategic Understanding Among the Emergency Management Team… identify the top threats and hazards—and opportunities—across the country to effectively plan, assess gaps, mitigate, and build capabilities to address risk-based requirements. Enhance FEMA's Ability to Learn and Innovate as an Organization. • Budget Priorities • Disaster Relief Fund • Flood Hazard Mapping and Risk Analysis • National Flood Insurance Fund • State and Local Programs • Emergency Food and Shelter • National Pre-disaster Mitigation Fund • Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program • U.S. Fire Administration Opportunities
FEMAFlood Hazard Mapping and Risk Analysis and National Flood Insurance Fund
FEMAState and Local Programs • National Preparedness Grant Program (NPGP) • First Responder Assistance Programs (FRAP) • Management and Administration (SLP M&A) • Emergency Management Performance Grants (EMPG) • Firefighter Assistance Grants (AFG)
FEMANational Preparedness Grant Program: Mitigation and Response Mitigation Response
S&TMission “…to strengthen America’s security and resiliency by providing knowledge products and innovative technology solutions for the Homeland Security Enterprise.” • 2011 Highlights • Multi-Band Radio testing • Updated and broadened deployment of the National Incident Command System • National Information Sharing Agreement • Demonstrated First Responder Support Tool • Advanced Next Generation Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus
