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Chapter 4 Review: The Appeal of Unvalidated Treatments

Chapter 4 Review: The Appeal of Unvalidated Treatments. ToniAnne Giunta Caldwell College. Overview. Opening Activity: Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! Claims About Treatments Evaluating Interventions Closing Activity: Effective or Not Effective? That is the REAL question!.

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Chapter 4 Review: The Appeal of Unvalidated Treatments

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  1. Chapter 4 Review:The Appeal of Unvalidated Treatments ToniAnne Giunta Caldwell College

  2. Overview • Opening Activity: Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • Claims About Treatments • Evaluating Interventions • Closing Activity: Effective or Not Effective? That is the REAL question!

  3. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • Jacobson (2000) • Carey (2009) • Koegel & LaZebnik (2004) • Freeman (2007) • Apsell (1993)

  4. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “This treatment will cure your child.”

  5. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “This treatment will provide enhanced learning, increased focus, improved body awareness, greater well-being, and a greater sense of self.”

  6. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “Studies on this treatment have been thoroughly conducted.”

  7. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “This treatment uses only the most sophisticated equipment.”

  8. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “So many other parents have reported this treatment to be helpful with their children’s diagnoses.”

  9. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “Your child has a single core deficit. Once corrected with this treatment, there will be global improvements in all aspects of functioning.”

  10. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! • “This treatment is natural, which means that it is safe.”

  11. Claims About Treatments(Smith, 2005) • Outcomes • Cure • Healing, miracle, breakthrough • Important-sounding but vague benefits • Should translate to improvements in everyday functioning

  12. Claims About Treatments(Smith, 2005) • Evidence • Uncontrolled studies • Do not include controls, objective measures, or observable behaviors • Opposition from the “establishment” • Diversion tactic • Technology • Only reliable when controlled studies support its use for a specific problem

  13. Claims About Treatments(Smith, 2005) • Evidence • Criticisms of validated treatments • A selling point for interventions • Subjective evidence • Diet example

  14. Claims About Treatments(Smith, 2005) • Theory • Core deficits • Simplifying treatments • Natural therapies • “Too much water causes drowning” (p. 53)

  15. Evaluating Interventions(Smith, 2005) • Treatment combinations • Do the treatments have tangible effects when presented alone? • Detrimental effects

  16. Evaluating Interventions(Smith, 2005) • Experimenting • 1. Make only one treatment change at a time • 2. Identify target behaviors to be addressed • 3. Objectively measure the behavior before and during treatment phases • 4. Have blind raters also objectively measure the target behavior

  17. Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! not < Effective or Not Effective? Appealing or Not Appealing? That is the question! REAL <

  18. Effective or Not Effective? That is the REAL question! • “This treatment is scientifically validated.”

  19. Effective or Not Effective? That is the REAL question! • “The treatment has been designed around plausible theories.”

  20. Effective or Not Effective? That is the REAL question! • “This treatment has a high probability of success in increasing many functional skills, including in communication, social interaction, self-help, and leisure areas.”

  21. Question period

  22. References Apsell, P. S. (Producer). (1993). Secrets of the psychics [VHS]. Available from http://www.amazon.com/ Carey, B. (2009, December 19). Study finds increased prevalence of autism. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/ Freeman, S. K. (2007). The complete guide to autism treatments: A parent’s handbook: Make sure your child gets what works! Lynden, WA: SKF Books, Inc. Jacobson, J. W. (2000, Spring). Is autism on the rise? Science in Autism Treatment, 2(1). Retrieved from http://asatonline.org/ Koegel, L. K., & LaZebnik, C. (2004). Overcoming autism. New York, NY: Penguin Books. Smith, T. (2005). The appeal of unvalidated treatments. In J. W. Jacobson, R. M. Foxx, & J. A. Mulick (Eds.), Controversial therapies for developmental disabilities: Fad, fashion, and science in professional practice (pp. 45-57). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

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