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Chapter Seventeen: Classical Genres: Vocal Music. Vocal Music: Classical Opera. Rise of opera buffa (comic opera) Realistic characters Recitative and aria Moves smoothly between styles Rapid changes in mood Use of vocal ensembles Multiple characters often sing simultaneously
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Vocal Music: Classical Opera • Rise of opera buffa (comic opera) • Realistic characters • Recitative and aria • Moves smoothly between styles • Rapid changes in mood • Use of vocal ensembles • Multiple characters often sing simultaneously • Each character responds to the dramatic action • Ensemble often closes a scene or act • Typifies the more democratic spirit of the late 18th-century
Mozart and Opera • Master of Classical opera • Wrote Italian opera seria, modern opera buffa, and German Singspiel • Singspiel: Spoken dialogue and songs [Mozart’s Die Zauberflöte (1791)] • Created a new kind of opera that mixed serious and comic elements to powerful effects • Le nozze di Figaro (1786) • Don Giovanni (1787)
Mozart: Don Giovanni (1787), K. 527 • Story of Don Juan • Libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte • Critical of the aristocracy • Overture: • Sonata-allegro form with a slow introduction that incorporates several themes or motives important later in the opera
