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Social Learning

Social Learning. Group #3. What is Social Learning?. Social Learning is the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others. Two Types of Social Learning:. Cognitive Learning

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Social Learning

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  1. Social Learning Group #3

  2. What is Social Learning? Social Learning is the process of altering behavior by observing and imitating the behavior of others.

  3. Two Types of Social Learning: Cognitive Learning • Form of altering behavior that involves mental processes and my result from observation and imitation Modeling • Learning and imitating others; copying one’s behavior

  4. Cognitive Learning • Cognitive map • A mental picture of spatial relationships or relationships between events. Edward Tolman • Believed learning involved mental process • Tested rats in mazes • Believed rats developed cognitive map

  5. Edward Tolman’s Rat Experiment

  6. 2. Latent learning • Alteration of a behavioral tendency that is not demonstrated by an immediate date(observable change in behavior.) Example: - Locating an unfamiliar building 3. Learned helplessness • Condition in which repeated attempts to control a situation fail, resulting in the belief that the situation is uncontrollable. Example: Parents punish children constantly for any and all offenses, therefore the children

  7. Martin Seligman • Believed learned helplessness is a major cause of depression. Why? • May be less motivated to act and stop trying • They may experience a lower sense of self esteem and may think negatively. • May feel depressed.

  8. 3 Important Elements of Learned Helplessness • Stability -refers to a persons beliefs that state of helplessness results from a permanent characteristic. Example- If a student fails a math test the student can decide if the problem is either temporary or stable. 2. Globiltiy -feeling of being worthless Example- In the same situation the student can decide if the problem is specific or global. 3. Internality -attribute an undesirable outcome to their own inadequacies. Example- A student can believe that it’s their fault they failed the test or they can believe it was just a poorly made test.

  9. 2.Modeling Example- When you go to a concert you don’t know where to go and how to act at the concert. Includes three different types of effects: • No learning occurs, perform old responses others around us are doing. • Observational - watching someone do something then later repeating it.(imitation). 3. Disinhibition - observer watches someone engage in a threatening activity without punishment, observer finds it easier to engage in later.

  10. Behavior modification • Systematic application of learning principles to change peoples’ actions and feelings.

  11. Computer-Assisted Instruction • Refinement of the concept of programmed instruction -introduced by S.L. Pressey and refined by B.F. Skinner • Material broken down into simpler units (frames) • Each time a student shows that he or she has learned the information in a frame they are given positive reinforcement. • Each question builds on information already mastered. • Student able to discuss with instructor on every point

  12. Token Economics • Conditioning in which desirable behavior is reinforced with valueless objects which can be accumulated and exchanged for valued rewards • Improved conditions in prisons, mental hospitals and classrooms • Rewarded for doing good things • Used as a motivator Example- A teacher makes a chart with every child’s name on it. Each student starts the day with a green card. If the child breaks a rule the card is changed to yellow, which means they have a warning. If the child breaks another rule their card is changed to red or pink. The child will then be given time out or have their recess taken away for the day. Link-http://lg041.k12.sd.us/Behavior.htm

  13. Self Control • Setting up personal systems of rewards and punishments to shape their own thoughts and actions Example- People who smoke too much would be encouraged to actually count how many cigarettes they smoked every hour of the day and not what kinds of situations lead them to smoke. Link-http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/10/22/marshmallow_temptations_brain_scans_could_yield_vital_lessons_in_self_control/ Steps to Finding Self Control: • Define the problem • Set up a behavioral contract - Simply involves choosing a reinforcer making it depend on some less desirable, but necessary act such as getting to work on time or washing the kitchen floor.

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