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Theological Themes in Isaiah (3)

Theological Themes in Isaiah (3). The Servant of the Lord - Isaiah 40-66 contain “servant songs” which are related to the remnant theme.

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Theological Themes in Isaiah (3)

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  1. Theological Themes in Isaiah (3) • The Servant of the Lord - Isaiah 40-66 contain “servant songs” which are related to the remnant theme. • Israel’s servant points beyond the nation, the leader of the remnant (49:5-6). The servant is born of a woman, comes as one distinct from the nation, who will restore the tribes of Jacob and bring back Israel (44:24; 46:3; 49:1)

  2. Theological Themes (4) • The servant passages predict the coming Messiah. • Jesus of Nazareth is the remnant of one. • Jesus is the embodiment of faithful Israel, the truly righteous and suffering servant. • Unlike the remnant (returned exiles), he committed no sin. (53:9; 1 Peter 2:22) • The New Testament writers followed the meaning of Isaiah himself: Jesus would be the Messiah!

  3. Theological Themes (5) • The suffering servant would: • Undergo divine judgment for sin (on the cross) • Endure an exile (3 days forsaken by God in the grave) • Experience a restoration (resurrection to life as the foundation of a new Israel, renewing the covenant promises with God. • Become the hope for the continued existence for the people of God. • Only a righteous servant could atone for the sins of the people.

  4. Theological Themes (6) • God Rules Over History - • God alone is God. Idols are no gods. (43:8-11). God radically contrasts to the gods of Mesopotamia where the exiles lived. These gods lied, schemed, and were contingent upon the uncertainties of human life. • God sovereignly rules over the course of history (41:21-24; 43:8-13; 44:6-8; 45:20-21; 46:8-10).

  5. Gospel and Kingdom • Isaiah critical for understanding Jesus as the Christ. • NT writers appeal to Isaiah repeatedly to explain events. • John the Baptist - the voice crying in the wilderness (40:3) • The virgin birth (7:14) • The stubbornness of Isaiah’s generation explains why Jesus message is not heard in his generation (6:9-10; Matt. 13:13-15; 16:7-9; John 12:39-40; Acts 28:24-27) • Jesus is rejected and suffers as the servant (53:1; Jn 12:38; Acts 8:27-33) • Paul uses Isaiah to explain the incorporation of the Gentiles into Israel. (11:10 in Rom. 15:12; 65:1 in Rom. 10:20

  6. Jeremiah • Largest book of the prophets • Jeremiah ministered during the tumultuous years during the decline of the Assyrian Empire and the rise of the Babylonian empire • During this time, Judah is subjugated first by Egypt, then by Babylon • Judah’s independence ended, and Jeremiah witnessed the destruction of the city of Jerusalem and the temple.

  7. Historical Background • The Babylonians, with the Medo-Persians, besieged Ninevah, the Assyrian capital, until in fell in 612. • The rise of Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar after defeat of Carchemish in 605. • The Judean “downgrade” • Josiah (fought Pharaoh Neco and died at Meggido) • Jehoahaz replaced by Neco with Jehoiakim. • Jehoiakim crosses Babylon and Jerusalem is besieged. • Jehoiakim’s son, Jehoiachin, taken captive with other royals, craftsmen, leading citizens to Babylon. • Final destruction of Jerusalem, temple, and exile in 586 B. C.

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