Warm-Up

1. Warm-Up • On Page 22 in your notebook, write down 5 ways you use water each day. • Where does it come from? • Does it cost you money or is it free? *Save the warm-up, you will write on this page again at the end of class.

2. Learning Goal 4: Identify the major mathematical, scientific and technological advances made during the Classical Period. (TEKS/SE’s 27A,E, 1B) Technological Advances in the Classical Era

3. The Supreme Court of the United States Technological Advances in the Classical Era The Scientific, Technological and Mathematical advances that were made during the Classical Era are still a big part of our everyday lives Architecture, Municipal Water, and Mathematical Formulas

4. Classical Greece • The Greeks invented three types of columns.  The Doric style is the most plain.   The Ionic design is famous for its scrolls.  The Corinthian style is quite fancy. 

5. Parts of a Greek Column • Most columns had a base (though not the Doric), at the bottom, a shaft in the middle, and a capital at the top. • The shaft may be smooth or fluted.  The columns were placed to support a building, but also adjusted in size and angle and in footage from each other, so that from a distance, the columns looked perfectly symmetrical.  

6. Classical Greece • Greek architecture had a lasting impact on the world. • The Romans adopted it as an ideal, but modified it to meet their practical needs. Pantheon in Rome

7. Classical Greece • Today, elements of Greek architecture surround us everywhere, from the Doric columns gracing local homes to the great Ionic capitals of the Vancouver Art Gallery.

8. Aristotle • Aristotle’s writings on logic, observation, and experimentation later became the basis for scientific method, use of geometry, and calculation of the earth’s circumference • Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) ranks among the greatest philosophers of all time.

9. Aristotle • Today, the scientific method is heavily based on experimentation and the testing of theories. This emphasis on testing and experimentation did not always exist however, and was often overlooked in ancient Greek Science • Aristotle's method of logical deduction provides a good example of the need for experimental testing. It is a method that we have inherited and although elements of it still remain important in scientific inquiry.

10. Classical Rome • Idea that the earth revolved around the sun • advances in engineering, aqueducts, roads, monumental buildings

11. Classical Rome People are still fascinated by how Roman aqueducts work. The water in the aqueducts ran gently through concrete channels. The water from the catch-basins were distributed through free-flowing canals, pipes to storage reservoirs and then through lead pipes, to the people who inhabited the ancient city of Rome. A waste-water collection system discharged the waste into the drains or sewer system. The main outlet of the initial drainage system (Cloaca Maxima) was the Tiber River.

12. Classical Rome • The great and highly advanced Roman waterway system known as the Aqueducts, are among the greatest achievements in the ancient world. The Aqueducts, being the most visible and glorious piece of the ancient water system, stand as a testament to Roman engineering. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/29208-what-the-ancients-knew-roman-aqueducts-video.htm

13. How were these advances made by both the Greeks and Romans recorded and spread? • Writings were preserved by the Muslims and later restored to European civilization with the Renaissance Period.

14. Classical India • Concept of zero, decimal system and number system used

15. Classical India • Work in geometry and algebra • Calculation of the circumference of the earth

16. How were these advances made in India spread? • Ideas were spread by the conquests of Alexander the Great

17. Classical China • Paper, windmills, roads, canals, started Great Wall

18. Classical China The Great Wall of China is a series of stone and earthen fortifications in , built, rebuilt, and maintained between the 5th century BC and the 16th century to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire during the rule of successive dynasties. Several walls, referred to as the Great Wall of China , were built since the 5th century BC. The most famous is the wall built between 220 BC and 200 BC by the first Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang; little of it remains; it was much farther north than the current wall, which was built during the Ming Dynasty. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/7247-china-the-great-wall-video.htm

19. How were these advances made in China spread? • Ideas were spread along the Silk Routes

20. Remember Persia? • Build Roads • Came up with a Postal System

21. What were the contributions of the following scientists/mathematicians? ArchimedesEratosthenesPythagoras

22. Archimedes -Born c. 290–280 bc, Syracuse, Sicily [now in Italy the most famous mathematician and inventor of ancient Greece. He is known for: -discovering the relation between the surface and volume of a sphere -Establishing the value of pi (π) -Explained the workings of levers

23. Archimedes He is also known for inventing a device for raising water, still used in developing countries, known as the Archimedes screw. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/30585-what-the-ancients-knew-the-archimedes-screw-video.htm

24. Eratosthenes Lived from 276-195 B.C.E. • It can be said that Eratosthenes is most widely known as a famous Greek mathematician. What most people probably do not know is that Eratosthenes is not only a famous mathematician but also a well known geographer, astronomer and historian.

25. Eratosthenes He is know for: • Calculating the circumference of the earth • It is also believed that Eratosthenes made a star catalog with approximately 675 stars and created a calendar that included leap years.

26. Eratosthenes To calculate the circumference of the Earth, Eratosthenes measured the angle of the shadow to the Earth. http://youtu.be/UYsdNsTe4Cc

27. Pythagoras • is often referred to as the first pure mathematician. He was born on the island of Samos, Greece in 569 BC. Various writings place his death between 500 BC and 475 BC in Metapontum, Lucania, Italy.

28. Pythagoras • He is responsible for proving that in a right triangle, the sum of the squares of the two right-angle sides will always be the same as the square of the hypotenuse (the long side). A2 + B2 = C2.

29. Review…What were the contributions of the following scientists/mathematicians? ArchimedesEratosthenesPythagoras

30. Reflection • Look your warm-up and the 5 ways you use water every day. • How would your life be different if we did not have running water, a plumbing system or a municipal water system? • Would you use your water as freely? • Write your reflections at the bottom of your warm-up.