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Genes and How they Work

Genes and How they Work. Chapter 15. The Nature of Genes. Garrod Beadle and Tatum Francis Crick. Beadle and Tatum Experiment. Used Neurospora crassa One gene/one polypeptide hypothesis. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. DNA- RNA- Protein Transcription to translation Rule breakers?

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Genes and How they Work

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  1. Genes and How they Work Chapter 15

  2. The Nature of Genes • Garrod • Beadle and Tatum • Francis Crick

  3. Beadle and Tatum Experiment • Used Neurospora crassa • One gene/one polypeptide hypothesis

  4. Central Dogma of Molecular Biology • DNA- RNA- Protein • Transcription to translation • Rule breakers? • Retrovirusese • Reverse Transcriptase

  5. The Genetic Code • Crick and Brenner • Codons • Spaced or Unspaced? • Frameshift Deletions

  6. Nirenberg Deciphered the Code • http://img.sparknotes.com/figures/1/132e5720f3b37836571a1aeb9d163ac3/genetic_code.gif

  7. Genetic Code Almost Universal • So where is it not the same?

  8. Transcription • Template Strand • Coding Strand • mRNA • Initiation • Elongation • Termination

  9. Translation • tRNA • Takes place on the ribosome • http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/media/translation.gif

  10. Types of RNA • mRNA- make RNA from DNA template • rRNA- found in ribosomes • tRNA-adapter molecule between mRNA and AA’s • snRNA’s- involved in the nuclear processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA • SRP RNA-mediate protein synthesis in eukaryote • Micro-RNA- newly discovered

  11. Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Gene Expression

  12. Videos • Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes • Translation • spliceosome

  13. Words to know • Promoter • Terminator • Operon

  14. Spliceosome • http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/gene/sf13x8bc.jpg

  15. Types of Mutations • Point Mutations • Bases substitution • Missense vs nonsense • Frameshift • Chromosomal Mutations • Deletions • Duplications • Inversions • Translocations

  16. Point Mutations • http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/point_mutations.jpg

  17. Chromosomal Mutations • Page 300 in text

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