Unit 1 Caring for Our Earth Lead-in Language Points:

1. Unit 1 Caring for Our Earth Lead-in Language Points: 1.power:supply energy be powered by 由…提供动力 2.fossil fuel:fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas, that was formed over millions of years from remains of animals or plants 3.ecology:branch of biology that deals with the habits of living things, esp. their relation to their environment 生态学 4.disrupt：to make it difficult for sth. to continue in the normal way 扰乱；打乱 ecological disruption生态混乱

2. 5.convince sb. that…:make sb. feel certain 使某人相信 6.cut down: to reduce the size, amount or number of sth. 削减；减少 7. view as: regard… as 8.make a difference: to be important/to have an effect 9.in reality:in fact 10.breathe in sth.:to take air, smoke etc. into your lungs through your nose or mouth 吸入 11.carbon dioxidecf. carbon monoxide 12.as long as: only if

3. 13. low-flow shower heads and faucets 低流量的淋浴喷头和水龙头 14. a stack of:a lot of 一堆；一打 15. mount a campaign:start an activity 发动运动，发起活动 16. solar: of the sun 太阳的；太阳能的

4. Homework: CET-4 2014.6 Translation: 1.中国教育工作者早就认识到读书对于国 家的重要意义。 Chinese educators have long known that reading is of great importance to a nation. → Chinese educators have long known the importance of reading to a nation.

5. CET-4 2014.6 Translation: 2.他们强调，人们应当读好书，尤其是经典著作。 They argued that people should read good books, especially the classic ones.

6. 3.你上周告诉我的那个消息不是真的。 The news (that) you told me last week is not true.

7. 4. 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。( in the eyes of ) In the eyes of the western people, the basic food that is most closely related to China is rice.

8. 强调句的表达方式： It is/was…that/who… (强调句子谓语之外的其他成分） 5. 正是爱因斯坦发现了相对论 ( relativity)。 It was Albert Einstein that/who found out the relativity.

9. Passage A Frog Story Part I (1-9): The author has a log cabin in the woods and a tree frog has taken up residence in it. Part II (10-16): The author found out that it is pollution and global climate change that bring disaster to animals and human beings. Part III (17-18): The author calls on we human beings to take action and to protect the environment. Language Points: 1. by hand: by a person, not a machine a. This toy was made by hand. b. The letter was written by hand.

10. 2. audioadj. — related to recording and broadcasting sound听觉的； 声音的 e.g. audio tape 录音带 • 3. take up:to fill and use an amount of space or time • The table takes up too much room. • 2. It took up a whole week to make the dress.

11. 4.residence:(n.) the place where one lives 住所 e.g. Some birds have taken up residence in our roof. • 5.vice versa • —used when the opposite of a situation that has been just described is also true反之亦然 • He doesn’t trust her, and vice versa.

12. 6. humv. • —to make a low, continuous sound • The birds sang, and the bees hummed. 7. overtakev. —catch up with and pass It’s dangerous to overtake on a bend. —(often passive) start to happen suddenly or unexpectedly and to affect them 突然发生；突然降临 e.g. Tom was overtaken by fear.

13. urgen. —a strong wish or need e.g. He has an urge to travel. v. urge sb. to do sth. /urge sth.: to advise or try hard to persuade sb. to do sth.敦促；力劝 e.g. I urged him to fight the decision. at this/that rate:at this/that speed e.g. At this rate, we’ll never be home by midnight.

14. 8. survivev. • —to continue to exist in spite of many difficulties and dangers/to continue to live • When the market economy is introduced, many factories will have difficulties to survive. 9. focusv. —to concentrate on sth. e.g. I cannot focus my attention on my study with such a noise.

15. 10. We have reached the time when… 是……的时候了 e.g. We have reached the time when we should learn our ancient culture. 11. focusv. —to concentrate on sth. e.g. I cannot focus my attention on my study with such a noise.

16. 12. for the sake of • — because of, or for the purpose of • Let’s not disagree for the sake of some small details.

17. Homework:Translation 狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot),古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有2000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，狮舞成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其它节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

18. 狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物(mascot),古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。 The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.

19. 据记载，狮舞已拥有2000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，狮舞成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其它节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。 The Lion Dance has a recorded history of more than 2000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the Lion Dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.

20. Unit 2 Nobel Prize Winners Lead-in Language Points: 1.respect (n.) a feeling of admiration for sb./sth. (v.) to admire sb./sth. respectful (adj.) showing or feeling respect respecting (prep.) concerning respective (adj.) of each one 各自的，各个的 2. invite v. (invite sb. to/for sth.): to ask sb. to come somewhere or to do sth. invitation n. 1. the act of inviting sb or being invited 2. (an invitation to sb/sth) a written or spoken request to go somewhere or do sth. 邀请书；口头邀请

21. 3.nominate (v.): put forward to election to a position/ to suggest or name officially for a position 提名 nominate sb/sth (for/as sth) e.g. I would like to nominate Bob as chairman. Cf. nomination (n.) 4.evaluate (v.): decide/find out the amount of value of 评定，评价 e.g. We evaluated the situation very carefully before we made our decision. cf. evaluation (n.)

22. 5.laureate:prizeman/winner of a prize e.g. a Nobel laureate 6.anniversary: the date on which an event took place in a previous year 周年纪念日 e.g. the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression 7.banquet: carefully prepare meal/elaborate meal e.g. wedding banquet5.

23. Homework: Translation 1. 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。

24. 在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。 1. in the eyes of 2.for a long time 3. has played a very important role 4.You can’t make bricks without straw. =A clever woman cannot cook a good meal without rice. In the eyes of the western people, the basic food that is most closely related to China is rice. For a long time, rice has played a very important role in Chinese diet, so that there is a proverb that goes like this: A clever woman cannot cook a good meal without rice.

25. 中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。 Rice is grown in most parts of southern China and people usually eat rice as staple (main food). Since it is too cold or too dry to grow rice in most areas of northern China, wheat is the main crop there. In China, some people make bread with flour, while most people use flour to make steamed buns and noodles. 馒头 steamed bun花卷 steamed twisted roll 包子 meat bun 饺子 dumpling 面条 noodles

26. 2.年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。2.年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。 年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。 The increasing number of young travelers can be attributed to the rapid growth of their incomeand thecuriosity to explore the outside world..

27. Passage A Einstein’s Compass Part I (Paras.1-3) Einstein was passionately curious when he was young. Part II (Paras.4-9) Curiosity, determination and persistence contributed to Einstein’s achievement. Part III (Paras.10-11) Einstein’s ultimate quest is to find the simple answers to the secrets in this world.

28. Language Points: 1.might + have +过去分词 是情态动词的一种推测用法，对过去发生的事情或动作做出可能的推测 I can’t find my sunglasses. I may/might have left them at the bookstore yesterday. Cf. 1. He might be a very important person now. 2. He might have been a very important person then.

29. 2.evidentadj. — easily seen or understood; obvious e.g. It is evident that we do not understand each other. evidence n. —information that gives a reason for believing sth. or proves sth. e.g. The broken window is the evidence that someone has broken in.

30. 3.强调句的表达方式： • It is/was+被强调成分+that/who +其他成分 • (强调句子谓语之外的其他成分） It was Albert Einstein that/who found out the relativity. b. … do/did+动词原形… (对句子的谓语进行强调） The film did really attract a large audience. Cf. It is clear that not all boys like football.

31. 4. All Albert could do was stare with questioning eyes. = All that Albert could do was to stare with questioning eyes. 先行词: all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, the one…

32. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. Cf. — 1. The news (that) you told me last week is not true. 2.The news that the leader will come here is not true.

33. 5.stir (v.) 1.to produce (strong feeling) in sb./rouse/excite e.g. a book that really stirs the imagination 2. to move/to make sb. move 3. to move a liquid around and mix sth. into it with a spoon or a similar object (n.) 1. excitement 2. the act of stirring sth. 6.intellect (n.)1.the power of the mind to reason and acquire knowledge e.g.a man of considerable intellect 2. a very intelligent person e.g. Those scientists who won Nobel Prizes in various sciences are the intellects of the age. intellectual (adj.) (n.)

34. 7. It was/ is the first time … (其后通常接完成时态） e.g. It was the first time I had seen so beautiful a lady. 8. fool ... into ... —to deceive sb into doing sth Examples 1.He was fooled into believing that he’d won a lot of money. 2. It was not right for Helen to fool Robert into believing that she was in love with him.

35. 9. He lay there shaking and twisting the odd thing, certain he could fool it into pointing off in a new direction. Paraphrase  He lay there playing with the strange thing and he was certain that he could manage to make it point to a new direction.

36. 10. • 动词原形+as/though+主语+情态动词 • e.g. Try though I might, I couldn’t lift the stone. b. 表语+as/though+主语+系动词 e.g. Clever though he was, he failed the exam.

37. 11. The invisible force that guided the compass needle was evidence to Albert that there was more to our world than meets the eye. Paraphrase  The invisible force that guided the compass needle made Albert believe that there were things we couldn’t see. 引导指南针的无形力量使爱因斯坦认识到，我们肉眼看到的只是世界的一部分。

38. 12. So begin Albert Einstein’s journey down a road of exploration that he would follow the rest of his life. Natural Word-order  So Albert Einstein’s journey down a road of exploration that he would follow the rest of his life begin. Paraphrase  From then on, Einstein began to explore the mysteries of the world. 因此，阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦踏上了他穷其一生的探索之旅。

39. Questions: 1. What kind of boy was Einstein in his parents’ eyes? They might have thought him slow because he hardly spoke until he was almost three years old. 2.How did the compass arouse Einstein’s curiosity? Try as he might, the compass needle would always find its way back to pointing in the direction of north.

40. 3. What do you think makes a successful scientist? In my opinion, curiosity plays an important role in making a successful scientist.

41. 13.patience (n.) ~ (with sb/sth) [OPP] impatience —the quality of being able to stay calm and not get angry e.g. 1. I have no patience with people who don’t even try. 2. I have no patience with people who are always complaining of their misfortune. patient (adj.)~ (with sb/sth) [OPP] impatient e.g. She’s very patient with young children. patient (n.) — a person who is receiving medical treatment e.g. a hospital patient patiently (adv.) e.g. to wait patiently

42. 14.up to 1. as many as e.g. I can take up to four people in my car. 2. until e.g. Up to now, I’ve never met him. 3. dependent on e.g. It’s up to you to decide whether to go. 4. able to do or deal with e.g. They thought that the job-hunter was not up to the job.

43. 15. It’s not that I’m so smart, it’s just that I stay with problems longer. Paraphrase  I can do this not because I’m very smart, but because I am more persistent at thinking over the problems. 我能做到这点不是因为我有多聪明，而是因为我能坚持得更久。

44. 16. come over — to make a short informal visit e.g. Whenever in trouble, she would come over to us for help. • 17.come upon • —to meet, find, or discover esp. by chance • I came upon this cool cap in a small store in Paris. • I came upon a group of children playing in the street.

45. 18. in no way • —not at all • Theory can in no way be separated from practice.

46. 19. The concept that one could prove theorems of angles and lines that were in no way obvious made an “indescribableimpression” on the young children. • Paraphrase •  • The idea that one could prove theorems of angles and • lines that were not obvious at all made a deep impression • on the young students.

47. 20. convincev. —to make sb completely certain about sth e.g. I try to convince him of the reality of the danger. • 21. insightn. • —(the ability to have) a clear, deep understanding of a • complicated problem or situation • Professor Becker offered some interesting insights into the human society.

48. 22. While the expression of his mathematics might be accessible to only a few sharp minds in the science, Albert could condense the essence of his thoughts so anyone could understand. • Paraphrase • While the expression of his mathematics might be understood by only a few perceptive scientists, Albert could make his ideas understood by ordinary people with simple words.

49. 23. relate to • —1. to be connected with sb/sth (be related to sb/sth) • 2. to understand and accept • Many parents find it hard to relate to their children when they are teenagers. • 24. come up with • —to think of (a plan, reply, etc.); to produce • Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supply.

50. 25. push for —to try very hard to achieve or get e.g. We are pushing them for an answer to our request.