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Handbook of 16S rDNA Sequencing: The Past and the Present

16S rDNA is one of most useful and most commonly used molecular clocks in the systematic classification of bacteria. It has few species but large content (about 80% of bacterial RNA content). Its molecular size is moderate and exists in all organisms. Its evolution has been smooth and is highly conservative in structure and function. It is known as "bacterial fossil". In most prokaryotes, rDNA has multiple copies, and the copy number of 5S, 16S, and 23S rDNA is the same. 16S rDNA is moderately sized, about 1.5Kb, which can reflect the differences between various strains, and can be easily obtained by sequencing technology, so it is widely accepted by bacteriologists and taxonomists. In short, 16S rDNA is universal, conservative, moderately sized and has variable zone.

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