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Echinodermata

Echinodermata. A phylogeny can help us do lots more than simply study evolutionary history. It also helps us know what traits are shared by different but related groups of organisms.

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Echinodermata

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  1. Echinodermata

  2. A phylogeny can help us do lots more than simply study evolutionary history. It also helps us know what traits are shared by different but related groups of organisms. 1: Multicellular2: Land plants3: Vascular plants4: Seed plants5: Symmetry and tissues6: Bilateral symmetry, coelom, and nervous system7: Deuterostome development8: Molting of exoskeletons9: Trochophore larva

  3. Adults exhibit pentaradial symmetry, but the larvae are bilaterally symmetrical • Echinoderms are considered deuterostomes, anus formed first • Lack cephalization, have few sensory organs • Have 2 sides: oral-the side with the mouth, aboral-the side without the mouth

  4. The water vascular system aids in locomotion, feeding, attachment, respiration • Water enters through the madreporite and moves through the organism to the arms and tube feet • Tube feet fill with water and help the organism grab surfaces and pull themselves along • Some species have regenerative tissue, they can re-grow limbs

  5. Class: CrinoideaSea lilies and feather stars • This class attaches to a substrate with a stalk • Appx 700 extant species

  6. Class: AsteroideaSea stars • Arms radiate from a central disc, but are not distinct from it • Madreporite and anus are on aboral side • Move with tube feet

  7. Class: OphiuroideaBrittle Stars • Their flexible arms branch from a small central disc • Madreporite is on oral side • Mouth and anus are the same opening • The aboral surface of the disc is protected by plates called sheilds

  8. Class: EchinoideaSea urchins and sand dollars and sea biscuits • Most are free moving but some bore into rock • Tube feet bring food into their mouths • Their teeth are arranged into a structure known as Aristotle’s Lantern

  9. Class: HolothuroideaSea cucumbers • When threatened, they can expel their intestines, which are regenerated later

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